TABLE 4.
Effect of Yijinjing combined with resistance exercise on physical performance in the study’s participant.
| Physical performance |
Control (n = 21) | Difference from baseline |
Exercise (n = 26) | Difference from baseline |
P-value |
P-value |
P-value |
| Group–time interaction | Time | Group | |||||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | <0.01 | 0.003 | 0.606 | ||||
| Baseline | 22.8 (19.9,31.7) | 22.6 (21.4,27.7) | 0.864 | ||||
| three months | 22.5 (20.0,31.1) | −0.1 (−1.0,0.3) | 24.7 (22.4,29.9)a | 1.4 (0.7,2.1)d | 0.211 | ||
| six months | 23.6 (19.5,30.1) | −0.9 (−1.6,1.3) | 25.5 (23.2,30.8)bc | 2.1 (1.3,4.1)e | 0.071 | ||
| Gait speed (m/s) | 0.003 | <0.01 | 0.022 | ||||
| Baseline | 1.09 (1.01,1.26) | 1.11 (1.01,1.23) | 0.923 | ||||
| three months | 1.09 (1.05,1.21) | 0.00 (−0.12,0.06) | 1.27 (1.18,1.34)a | 0.12 (0.06,0.19)d | 0.001 | ||
| six months | 1.17 (1.10,1.27) | 0.03 (−0.08,0.16) | 1.32 (1.22,1.40)b | 0.19 (0.09,0.28)e | 0.003 | ||
| Reaction time (s) | 0.310 | <0.01 | 0.035 | ||||
| Baseline | 0.460 (0.386,0.517) | 0.427 (0.401,0.452) | 0.473 | ||||
| three months | 0.413 (0.376,0.462) | −0.017 (−0.078,0.005) | 0.374 (0.358,0.405)a | −0.042 (−0.082, −0.026) | 0.025 | ||
| six months | 0.382 (0.366,0.413)b | −0.037 (−0.109,−0.009) | 0.359 (0.330,0.385)bc | −0.066 (−0.119, −0.031) | 0.008 | ||
| Leg power (W) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.610 | ||||
| Baseline | 248.0 (168.0,301.5) | 199.5 (162.0,288.0) | 0.435 | ||||
| three months | 264.0 (147.5,337.0) | 0.0 (−20.0,27.5) | 282.5 (223.5,338.5)a | 58.5 (13.0,141.8)d | 0.219 | ||
| six months | 209.0 (155.0,344.0) | −4.0 (−30.0,39.5) | 300.5 (263.0,365.0)bc | 101.5 (43.5,172.3)e | 0.026 | ||
| Eye-closed and single-legged standing (s) | 0.040 | 0.004 | 0.185 | ||||
| Baseline | 6.0 (5.0,10.0) | 5.0 (3.0,10.0) | 0.250 | ||||
| three months | 7.0 (5.0,11.0) | 0.0 (−1.0,1.5) | 9.0 (5.0,16.3)a | 3.0 (2.0,7.8)d | 0.175 | ||
| six months | 9.0 (5.0,12.5) | 0.0 (−2.5,4.5) | 10.0 (6.8,23.0)b | 6.0 (3.8,12.8)e | 0.056 | ||
| Sit-And-Reach (cm) | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.882 | ||||
| Baseline | 6.0 (3.8,12.3) | 3.5 (−3.1,12.0) | 0.493 | ||||
| three months | 6.0 (3.0,11.8) | 0.0 (−0.8,0.5) | 7.8 (−0.8,14.0)a | 1.8 (1.5,2.6)d | 0.773 | ||
| six months | 5.0 (1.0,11.0) | −0.5 (−2.0,1.0) | 9.3 (0.4,14.0)bc | 3.0 (2.0,4.0)e | 0.434 | ||
Values are presented as means ± SD (95% confidence interval) or median (25%,75%) (if data are not normally distributed). a: Significant difference between baseline and three months in the same group; b: Significant difference between baseline and six months in the same group; c: Significant difference between three and six months in the same group; d: The difference value between three months and baseline values was significant between the two groups; e: The difference value between three months and six months values was significant between the two groups. Bolded values are significant.