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Parameter range of particle contact model.
| Interparticle contact parameters | Ranges | |
|---|---|---|
| Petiole - Petiole | Normal/tangential contact stiffness X1/(N·m-3) | 1.0×109<1.2×1010 |
| Normal/tangential critical stress X2/(Pa) | 5.0×108<1.5×109 | |
| Corm - Soil | Normal/tangential contact stiffness X3/(N·m-3) | 5.0×105<1.0×107 |
| Normal/tangential critical stress X4/(Pa) | 1.0×104<1.6×105 | |
| Soil - Soil | Surface energy X5/(×105J·m-3) | 1.0×105<1.0×107 |
