Table 5.

Association of sleep duration with cardiovascular disease (CVD) in relation to gender using logistic regression models.

			Model 1		Model 2
	CVD n (%)	p-value	cOR (95%CI)	p-value	aOR (95%CI)	p-value
Total sample
Sleep duration		<0.001
Short	39 (18.7)		3.28 (2.04-5.27)	<0.001	2.86 (1.71-4.79)	<0.001
Normal	40 (6.5)		Ref.		Ref.
Long	12 (8.8)		1.38 (0.71-2.71)	0.345	1.41 (0.70-2.82)	0.338
Females
Sleep duration		0.010
Short	13 (14.1)		3.07 (1.45-6.53)	0.004	2.68 (1.17-6.10)	0.019
Normal	18 (5.1)		Ref.		Ref.
Long	5 (6.9)		1.39 (0.50-3.88)	0.526	1.05 (0.37-2.99)	0.932
Males
Sleep duration		0.001
Short	26 (22.2)		3.07 (1.65-5.68)	<0.001	2.57 (1.27-5.20)	0.009
Normal	22 (8.5)		Ref.		Ref.
Long	7 (10.9)		1.32 (0.54-3.62)	0.548	1.29 (0.50-3.37)	0.592

Notes: cOR = Crude odds ratio; aOR = Adjusted odds ratio; CI = Confidence interval; Model 1 = Crude, unadjusted; Model 2 = Adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, marital status, cultural status, place of residence, education level, working status, financial status), lifestyle habits (smoking status, alcohol consumption, daily coffee consumption, caffeine consumption in the evening, adherence to the Mediterranean diet, time watching TV or using a computer before bedtime, physical activity, nap during the day) and health related characteristics (subjective general health status, BMI, chronic disease morbidity, anxiety, depression and use of sleep medication).