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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 17.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Drug Metab. 2020;21(5):390–399. doi: 10.2174/1389200221666200514130441

Table 1.

Summary of the most common AEs reported in the clinical trials.

AEs PLC
Ntotal, NAE (%)
Oxycodone
Ntotal, NAE (%)
Oxymorphone
Ntotal, NAE (%)
Tramadol
Ntotal, NAE (%)
Digestive system
 • Nausea 2505, 206 (8.22) 1566, 518 (33.1) 674, 277 (41.1) 3175, 642 (20.2)
 • Constipation 2168, 104 (4.80) 1224, 332 (27.1) 674, 158 (23.2) 3175, 508 (16.0)
 • Vomiting 2291, 47 (2.05) 1566, 267 (17.1) 674, 150 (22.3) 2743, 219 (7.98)
 • Diarrhea 1464, 67 (4.58) 1055, 69 (6.54) 432, 11 (2.55) 1853, 105 (5.67)
Central nervous system
 • Dizziness 2505, 129 (5.15) 1441, 330 (22.9) 674, 144 (21.3) 3175, 522 (16.4)
 • Somnolence 2505, 89 (3.55) 1566, 305 (19.5) 674, 129 (19.1) 3175, 326 (10.3)
 • Headache 2101, 221 (10.5) 1495, 190 (12.7) 674, 63 (9.35) 2590, 256 (9.88)
 • Insomnia 786, 22 (2.80) 310, 21 (6.77) no reported data. 1740, 131 (7.53)
Integumentary system
 • Pruritus 1791, 30 (1.68) 1497, 199 (13.3) 674, 102 (15.1) 2417, 167 (6.91)
 • Hyperhidrosis 869, 6 (0.69) 366, 23 (6.28) 279, 21 (7.53) 1331,60 (4.51)
Respiratory system
 • Xerostomia 1396, 30 (2.15) 1023, 103 (10.1) 521, 52 (9.98) 1870, 124 (6.63)
 • Hypoventilation 125, 0 (0) 125, 0 (0) 242, 0 (0) no reported data.
Locomotor system
 • Fatigue 1354, 32 (2.36) 1156, 92 (7.96) 432, 21 (4.86) 1573, 86 (5.47)
 • Asthenia 271, 3 (1.11) 310, 11 (3.56) no reported data. 211, 10 (4.88)

Ntotal: the total number of patients involved in the clinical trials.

NAE: the total number of patient experienced AEs.

%: percentage of patients with AEs.