Table 1. Comparisons of Physiochemical Properties of Vegetable Oils Used for Biodiesel Production.
| present study |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| property | unit | CKO | test method | CSO8 | CoSO37 | RSO38 | JSO39 | NSO40 | ASTM ranges of CSO |
| SGa | 0.981 | Hydrometer | 0.9076 | 0.91 | 0.932 | ||||
| ρb | g/cm3 | 0.965 | Hydrometer | 0.961 | 0.92 | 0.957–0.968 | |||
| μb | mm2/s | 288.83 | Empirically41 | 241 | 29.22 | 13.13 | 32a | 26.09 | 6.3–8.9a |
| AV | mg KOH/g oil | 1.122 | AOAC 969.17 | 0.91 | 0.24 | 24 | 3.76 | 8.36 | 2.0 max |
| FFA | wt % | 0.564 | Empirically42 | 0.12 | 12 | 1.89 | 4.18 | 0.3–0.7 | |
| SV | mg KOH/g oil | 182.35 | ASTM D-1962 | 185 | 187.94 | 235.28 | 203.4 | 205.5 | 175–187 |
| IV | g I2/100 g of oil | 49.35 | Titration42 | 89 | 68.91 | 113 | 104.9 | 71.4 | 83-88 |
| MW | g/mol | 928.66 | Empirically43 | 870 | |||||
| HV | MJ/kg | 41.21 | Empirically44 | 41.25 | 39.34 | ||||
| CN | 65.13 | Empirically45 | 44 | ||||||
| FP | °C | 255 | 273 | ||||||
a
Represents the measurement value at 20 °C.
b
Represents a measurement at 40 °C, CKO: castor kernel oil, CSO: castor seed oil, CoSO: cottonseed oil, RSO: rubber seed oil, JSO: jartopha seed oil, NSO: neem seed oil, SG: specific gravity, ρ: density in g/cm3, μ: kinematic viscosity in mm2/s, AV: acid value in mg KOH/g oil, FFA: free fatty acid (wt %), SV: saponification value in mg KOH/g oil, IV: iodine value in g I2/100 g of oil, MW: molecular weight in g/mol, HV: heating value in MJ/kg, CN: cetane number, and FP: flash point (°C).