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. 2022 Oct 5;56(22):15238–15250. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c03333

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Main factors influencing mixture toxicity of multiple ENPs. (A) Network diagram of association rules of ecotoxicological test species combined with types of joint interactions of multiple ENPs (ANT, antagonism; SYN, synergism; ADD, additivity). (B) Biological levels of organization in ecosystem-relevant ecological toxicology of multiple ENPs. (C) Comparison of the ENP concentrations used in exposure studies with binary ENP mixtures. (D) Endpoints of toxicity selected in current studies on the mixture toxicity of multiple ENPs. (E) Schematic description of the effects of natural organic matter (NOM) on the toxicity of the mixture of individual ENPs.