Table 6.
Physicochemical data of compost from several studies.
| Ref | Material | Time (Day) | Temperature (°C) | Moisture (%) | pH | C/N | P | K | S | Ca | Mg | Fe | Mn | Cu | Zn | B |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [68] | EFB | 60 | 27–35 | 47–57 | 5.2 | 68.39 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB and EM4 | 60 | 30–44 | 45–65 | 5.9 | 29.80 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB and local decomposer vegetable waste | 60 | 30–54 | 50–65 | 6.9 | 21.18 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB and local decomposer | 60 | 30–52 | 54–65 | 6.2 | 33.37 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| Banana hump EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 60 | 30–54 | 50–65 | 6.7 | 24.10 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
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| [11] | EFB and chicken manure | 45 | n | n | n | 28.03 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB, chicken manure, and inoculum 1 | 45 | n | n | n | 19.63 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, chicken manure, and inoculum 2 | 45 | n | n | n | 17.27 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, chicken manure, and inoculum 3 | 45 | n | n | n | 16.68 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
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| [69] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 30 | 30–40 | 70–75 | 8.5 | 17.95 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| 30 | 30–40 | 70–75 | 8.5 | 14.13 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
| 30 | 30–40 | 70–75 | 8.5 | 28.41 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| [70] | EFB | 60 | n | n | n | 17.92 | 0.5 | 6.1 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB and M. bracteata | 60 | n | n | n | 14.39 | 0.6 | 4.2 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB and M. bracteata | 60 | n | n | n | 12.30 | 0.6 | 4.9 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB and M. bracteata | 60 | n | n | n | 14.43 | 0.6 | 6.6 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
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| [71] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 52 | 29.73 | 72.03 | 6.71 | 29.45 | n | 3.8 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB, palm oil liquid waste, fish pellets, bone pellets, ash, and sawdust | 52 | 28.30 | 59.32 | 6.32 | 16.01 | 1.2 | 12 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, palm oil liquid waste, fish pellets, bone pellets, ash, and sawdust | 52 | 28.10 | 72.44 | 6.41 | 15.15 | 1.3 | 12 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, palm oil liquid waste, fish pellets, bone pellets, ash, and sawdust | 52 | 28.13 | 64.71 | 6.17 | 22.33 | 2.7 | 12 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
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| [9] | EFB, palm oil liquid waste, and perlakuan 1 | 60 | 55 | 67 | 9.08 | n | 0.2 | 6.0 | n | n | 0.4 | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB, palm oil liquid waste, and perlakuan 2 | 60 | 55 | 67 | 8.75 | n | 0.3 | 3.7 | n | n | 0.4 | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, palm oil liquid waste, and perlakuan 3 | 60 | 55 | 70 | 8.50 | n | 0.3 | 3.8 | n | n | 0.5 | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
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| [72] | EFB | 64 | 26–52 | n | 8.12 | 63.32 | 0.2 | 8.2 | n | 8 | 2.5 | 0.9 | n | 0.03 | n | 0.3 |
| [73] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.2 | 25 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.0 | 30 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
| 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.1 | 35 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
| 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.0 | 40 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
| 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.0 | 45 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
| 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.2 | 50 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
| 14 | 27–30 | n | 8.2 | 55 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | ||
|
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| [74] | EFB and Streptomyces sp. | 60 | n | n | n | 20.4 | 0.7 | 1.8 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB and Bacillus sp. | 60 | n | n | n | 18.2 | 0.6 | 1.8 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB and Phanerochaete chrysosporium | 60 | n | n | n | 17.5 | 0.8 | 1.9 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, Streptomyces sp., and Bacillus sp. | 60 | n | n | n | 16.4 | 0.8 | 1.9 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB, Streptomyces sp., Bacillus sp., and Phanerochaete chrysosporium | 60 | n | n | n | 16.1 | 0.9 | 2 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 60 | n | n | n | 21.3 | 0.7 | 2 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| [75] | Fresh palm oil, chicken manure, and rice washing water | 21 | 56 | 40–60 | n | 15.79–21.34 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| [76] | EFB, leaf, and chicken manure | 80 | 49–57 | 40–65 | 7.15–7.38 | 17.6–26.1 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| [77] | Fresh palm oil | 60 | 56 | 50–70 | 8.2 | 18 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 72 | 24 | 38 | 9 |
| [78] | Palm oil and biogas waste | 60 | 38.35 | 6.92 | 8.17 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| Palm oil, biogas waste, and EFB | 60 | 44.66 | 47.35 | 7.82 | 15.77 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| Palm oil biogas waste and decanter cake | 60 | n | 50.70 | 7.75 | 7.57 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
| Palm oil biogas waste, EFB, and decanter cake | 60 | 49 | 43.77 | 7.79 | 13.47 | 0.9 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | |
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| [7] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 40 | 67 | 55–65 | 8.1 | 12.4 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 151 | 74 | 157 | 11 |
| [79] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 70 | 70 | n | 7.7 | 15 | 4.5 | 80 | n | 10 | 13 | n | n | 38 | 154 | n |
| [34] | EFB, palm oil liquid waste, and decanter cake | 51 | 79 | 50–60 | 8.527 | 18.6 | 1.2 | 2.9 | n | 1.2 | 0.8 | n | n | n | n | n |
| EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 51 | 50–60 | 8.627 | 28.02 | 1 | 2.5 | n | 0.9 | 2.5 | n | n | n | n | n | ||
|
| ||||||||||||||||
| [80] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 60 | 35.3 | 60 | 7.8 | 12.8 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| [81] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 60 | 35 | 61 | 8.1 | 12.7 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 245 | 68 | 87 | n |
| [82] | EFB and sewage sludge (4:1) | 84 | 28–41.5 | n | 6.9 | 22.16 | 0.5 | 2.5 | n | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 99 | 67 | 723 | n |
| EFB and sewage sludge (3:1) | n | 6.7 | 21.83 | 0.6 | 4 | n | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 108 | 68 | 881 | n | |||
| Frond and sewage sludge (4:1) | n | 6 | 24.6 | 0.8 | 2 | n | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 85 | 52 | 495 | n | |||
| Frond and sewage sludge (3:1) | n | 5.8 | 29.67 | 1 | 2.2 | n | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 98 | 53 | 675 | n | |||
| Trunk and sewage sludge (4:1) | n | 6.2 | 18.98 | 0.6 | 1.4 | n | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 93 | 69 | 671 | n | |||
| Trunk and sewage sludge (3:1) | n | 6.1 | 19 | 0.9 | 1.7 | n | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 88 | 79 | 829 | n | |||
|
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| [83] | Palm oil liquid waste and sawdust | 300 | 40 | n | 5.7 | 19 | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| [84] | EFB and palm oil liquid waste | 98 | 70–75 | n | 7.5 | 15 | 3.1 | 55 | 15 | 9.6 | n | n | 38 | 154 | 0.1 | |
Description: n = none (not available): P = phosphorus, K = potassium, S = sulfur, Ca = calcium, Mg = magnesium, and Fe = iron are represented by the unit % (percentage); Mn = manganese, Cu = copper, Zn = zinc, and B = boron are represented by the units ppm or mg/kg.