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. 2022 Nov 10;28(11):2321–2332. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02046-0

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Map of metabolic pathways highlighting 204 of the 632 annotated metabolites analyzed in this study (dark gray and red circles), including 154 with genetic associations (red circles). We also mapped 51 metabolites to class nodes (indicated by star symbols). Of the 46 class nodes, 22 are red, indicating that they contain at least one metabolite with a genetic association. Genes (grey and lime green squares) and causal genes regulating associations discovered in the study (lime green squares; as explained in the section ‘Identification of genetically influenced metabotypes’) are illustrated. Downward-pointing arrowheads indicate a process and upward-pointing triangles indicate a source. The inset focuses on the tryptophan metabolism pathway. An interactive version is available on the accompanying webserver at https://omicscience.org/apps/mgwas.