Table 1.
The study population
| Characteristic | Male, n = 54,078a | Female, n = 63,903a | Overall, n = 117,981a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at recruitment | 58 (50, 64) | 57 (50, 63) | 58 (50, 63) |
| Education years | 15.00 (11.00, 15.00) | 13.00 (11.00, 15.00) | 13.00 (11.00, 15.00) |
| Current smoker | 6,724 (12%) | 5,747 (9.0%) | 12,471 (11%) |
| Daily alcohol intake | 13,651 (25%) | 10,191 (16%) | 23,842 (20%) |
| Daily moderate to vigorous physical activity | 50 (15, 105) | 45 (10, 90) | 45 (10, 90) |
| Daily healthy food | 52,974 (98%) | 63,290 (99%) | 116,264 (99%) |
| Family history of diabetes | 8,827 (16%) | 11,266 (18%) | 20,093 (17%) |
| T2D | 3,882 (7.2%) | 2,295 (3.6%) | 6,177 (5.2%) |
| Weight (kg) | 84 (76, 94) | 69 (62, 79) | 76 (66, 88) |
| Standing height (cm) | 176 (171, 180) | 162 (158, 167) | 168 (162, 175) |
| BMI | 27.3 (25.0, 30.1) | 26.1 (23.5, 29.7) | 26.8 (24.2, 29.9) |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.93 (0.89, 0.98) | 0.81 (0.77, 0.86) | 0.87 (0.80, 0.94) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 96 (89, 103) | 83 (76, 92) | 90 (80, 99) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 139 (128, 152) | 133 (121, 147) | 136 (124, 149) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 5.45 (4.70, 6.21) | 5.80 (5.07, 6.58) | 5.65 (4.90, 6.42) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 3.46 (2.87, 4.05) | 3.56 (3.00, 4.17) | 3.52 (2.94, 4.12) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol l–1) | 1.24 (1.06, 1.45) | 1.55 (1.32, 1.82) | 1.40 (1.17, 1.67) |
| Triglycerides (mmol l–1) | 1.69 (1.18, 2.44) | 1.33 (0.96, 1.89) | 1.48 (1.04, 2.14) |
| Glucose (mmol l–1) | 4.96 (4.61, 5.37) | 4.91 (4.59, 5.28) | 4.93 (4.60, 5.32) |
| Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 35.3 (32.8, 38.1) | 35.2 (32.7, 37.7) | 35.2 (32.8, 37.9) |
| Creatinine (umol l–1) | 80 (72, 88) | 63 (57, 70) | 70 (61, 81) |
| Cystatin C (mg l–1) | 0.92 (0.84, 1.01) | 0.86 (0.78, 0.95) | 0.88 (0.80, 0.98) |
| Urea (mmol l–1) | 5.45 (4.68, 6.33) | 5.10 (4.33, 5.95) | 5.26 (4.49, 6.13) |
| Urate (umol l–1) | 350 (305, 399) | 264 (225, 309) | 303 (250, 361) |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (U l–1) | 26 (23, 31) | 23 (20, 27) | 24 (21, 29) |
| Alanine aminotransferase (U l–1) | 24 (18, 32) | 18 (14, 23) | 20 (15, 27) |
| Alkaline phosphatase (U l–1) | 79 (67, 93) | 82 (67, 98) | 80 (67, 96) |
| Albumin (g l–1) | 45.52 (43.80, 47.24) | 44.91 (43.21, 46.63) | 45.20 (43.47, 46.93) |
| C-reactive protein (mg l–1) | 1.29 (0.67, 2.55) | 1.38 (0.65, 2.95) | 1.33 (0.66, 2.76) |
| Erythrocytes (1012 cells l–1) | 4.74 (4.51, 4.98) | 4.32 (4.10, 4.54) | 4.50 (4.23, 4.79) |
| Leukocytes (109 cells l–1) | 6.68 (5.66, 7.89) | 6.61 (5.60, 7.81) | 6.64 (5.62, 7.85) |
| Platelets (109 cells l–1) | 234 (202, 269) | 261 (226, 301) | 248 (214, 287) |
| Hemoglobin (g dl–1) | 15.00 (14.37, 15.64) | 13.50 (12.90, 14.10) | 14.15 (13.31, 15.02) |
| Hematocrit (%) | 43.3 (41.4, 45.2) | 39.2 (37.5, 41.0) | 41.0 (38.7, 43.5) |
| Mean corpuscular volume (fl) | 91.4 (88.8, 94.1) | 91.1 (88.4, 93.7) | 91.2 (88.6, 93.9) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (pg) | 31.69 (30.70, 32.70) | 31.37 (30.33, 32.37) | 31.50 (30.50, 32.50) |
| Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (g dl–1) | 34.60 (34.00, 35.22) | 34.36 (33.80, 35.00) | 34.48 (33.90, 35.10) |
| Antihypertensives | 1,090 (2.0%) | 680 (1.1%) | 1,770 (1.5%) |
aMedian (IQR); n (%)