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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Genet. 2022 Aug 11;23(12):760–771. doi: 10.1038/s41576-022-00521-5

Figure 5. The role of ecDNA and ecDNA hubs in transcriptional regulation.

Figure 5.

a | Representative examples of extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) hubs. Example 1: an ecDNA hub comprising different ecDNA species containing cargo oncogene and cargo enhancers. Example 2: an ecDNA hub including some enhancer-only ecDNAs without cargo genes. EcDNAs are glued together by BRD4 and recruit RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Co-amplified enhancer elements regulate gene transcription of ecDNA hub partners. b | EcDNAs that are in contact with chromosomes recruit RNAPII. Co-amplified enhancers regulate transcription of linear chromosome genes in proximity to contact regions.