Table 4.
Cox regression of univariate and multivariate analyses associated with cancer-specific survival and overall survival of testicular cancer patients with lung metastasis.
| Subjects’ characteristics | Cancer-specific survival of testicular cancer patients with LM | Overall survival of testicular cancer patients with LM | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariate | Multivariate | Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| <50 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| ≥50 | 1.91 (1.02–3.57) | 0.044 | 1.35 (0.66–2.77) | 0.416 | 2.01 (1.13–3.59) | 0.018 | 1.48 (0.77–2.88) | 0.242 |
| Race | ||||||||
| White | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Black | 0.91 (0.29–2.89) | 0.878 | 0.87 (0.27–2.80) | 0.810 | 1.08 (0.40–2.93) | 0.881 | 1.02 (0.37–2.82) | 0.972 |
| Other | 1.38 (0.64–2.99) | 0.411 | 1.10 (0.49–2.48) | 0.810 | 1.41 (0.69–2.90) | 0.350 | 1.19 (0.56–2.54) | 0.644 |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 1.20 (0.77–1.88) | 0.430 | 1.39 (0.86–2.27) | 0.182 | 1.78 (0.77–1.80) | 0.452 | 1.36 (0.86–2.16) | 0.186 |
| Site | ||||||||
| Descended testis | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Testis | 1.05 (0.70–1.56) | 0.818 | 1.11 (0.73–1.68) | 0.620 | 1.03 (0.71–1.49) | 0.895 | 1.09 (0.74–1.61) | 0.667 |
| Undescended testis | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.994 | – | – | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.993 | – | – |
| Histology | ||||||||
| Mixed tumor | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Seminoma | 1.08 (0.52–2.25) | 0.843 | 1.00 (0.46–2.18) | 0.994 | 1.06 (0.53–2.12) | 0.870 | 0.96 (0.46–2.00) | 0.916 |
| Nonseminoma | 0.91 (0.57–1.46) | 0.693 | 1.09 (0.66–1.81) | 0.725 | 0.86 (0.55–1.35) | 0.514 | 0.98 (0.60–1.60) | 0.945 |
| Nongerminal neoplasm | 1.20 (0.48–2.98) | 0.700 | 1.26 (0.47–3.37) | 0.646 | 1.26 (0.55–2.89) | 0.591 | 1.37 (0.56–3.36) | 0.495 |
| Grade | ||||||||
| Unknown | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Grade I | – | – | – | – | ||||
| Grade II | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.996 | – | – | 5.16 (0,72–37.11) | 0.103 | 5.50 (0.71–42.77) | 0,103 |
| Grade III | 3.01 (1.22–7.40) | 0.017 | 1.97 (0.73–5.30) | 0.181 | 2.67 (1.09–6.56) | 0.032 | 1.79 (0.67–4.77) | 0.247 |
| Grade IV | 0.98 (0.14–7.01) | 0.981 | 0.88 (0.11–7.02) | 0.907 | 0.84 (0.12–6.05) | 0.865 | 0.74 (0.09–5.78) | 0.773 |
| Laterality | ||||||||
| Left | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Right | 1.07 (0.72–1.60) | 0.723 | 1.30 (0.85–1.97) | 0.223 | 1.16 (0.80–1.69) | 0.431 | 1.35 (0.91–2.01) | 0.136 |
| Bilateral | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Only one side (unspecified) | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.995 | – | – | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.995 | – | – |
| Paired site (no laterality) | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| T stage | ||||||||
| T1 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| T2 | 0.69 (0.44–1.09) | 0.110 | 0.69 (0.43–1.12) | 0.132 | 0.70 (0.46–1.08) | 0.109 | 0.71 (0.45–1.12) | 0.143 |
| T3 | 0.70 (0.41–1.17) | 0.170 | 0.60 (0.34–1.04) | 0.066 | 0.78 (0.48–1.25) | 0.298 | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) | 0.126 |
| T4 | 0.58 (0.08–4.22) | 0.590 | 0.27 (0.03–2.17) | 0.219 | 0.53 (0.07–3.88) | 0.535 | 0.26 (0.03–2.03) | 0.199 |
| N stage | ||||||||
| N0 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| N1 | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) | 0.283 | 0.83 (0.32–2.11) | 0.690 | 0.76 (0.41–1.40) | 0.373 | 0.91 (0.38–2.18) | 0.826 |
| N2 | 0.62 (0.36–1.08) | 0.093 | 0.71 (0.30–1.70) | 0.449 | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) | 0.129 | 0.76 (0.33–1.72) | 0.506 |
| N3 | 0.90 (0.55–1.47) | 0.663 | 0.80 (0.35–1.83) | 0.602 | 0.96 (0.60–1.53) | 0.865 | 0.85 (0.39–1.86) | 0.688 |
| Bone metastasis | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 2.25 (1.09–4.64) | 0.028 | 1.24 (0.55–2.79) | 0.608 | 1.97 (0.96–4.05) | 0.064 | 1.02 (0.45–2.29) | 0.967 |
| Brain metastasis | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 2.61 (1.50–4.52) | 0.001 | 2.01 (1.08–3.73) | 0.027 | 2.62 (1.56–4.39) | 0.000 | 2.11 (1.18–3.78) | 0.012 |
| Liver metastasis | ||||||||
| No | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Yes | 2.87 (1.84–4.47) | 3.33 × 10−6 | 2.52 (1.51–4.22) | <0.001 | 2.81 (1.85–4.28) | 1.43 × 10−6 | 2.52 (1.55–4.10) | <0.001 |
| Tumor size (mm) | ||||||||
| <67 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| ≥67 | 1.53 (1.03–2.29) | 0.037 | 1.75 (1.10–2.77) | 0.018 | 1.57 (1.07–2.28) | 0.020 | 1.76 (1.14–2.70) | 0.011 |
| Lymph nodes | ||||||||
| None/unknown | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 | 1.00 (reference) | 1.000 |
| Regional | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.994 | – | – | 0.00 (0.00–Inf) | 0.994 | – | – |
| Distant | 0.74 (0.49–1.09) | 0.132 | 0.96 (0.45–2.08) | 0.926 | 0.79 (0.55–1.15) | 0.224 | 1.02 (0.49–2.10) | 0.961 |
LM, lung metastasis; HR, hazard ratio.