Table 2.
Remediation technologies applied in the removal of used lubricating oil in the soil
| Remediation technology | Used lubricating oil concentration (mg/kg) | Treatment time (days) |
Removal efficiency (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enzymatic bioremediation (castor beans lipases) at 37 °C and pH 4.5 | 10,000 | 49 | 94.3 | This study |
| Enzymatic bioremediation (orange garbage enzymes) | 52,630 | 42 | 62.0 |
Bulai et al. |
| Enzymatic bioremediation (watermelon garbage enzymes) | 52,630 | 42 | 45.0 |
Bulai et al. |
| Biostimulation (Rhodococcus qingshengii KAG C) and Extracellular Organic Matter (Micrococcus luteus) | 52,500 | 60 | 37.0 |
Bodor et al. |
| Bioaugmentation (R. erythropolis PR) and Extracellular Organic Matter (Micrococcus luteus) | 52,500 | 60 | 45.0 | Bodor et al. 2021 |
| Phytoremediation (Crotalaria retusa L.) | 10,000 | 90 | 52.6 | Gamage et al. 2021 |
| Phytoremediation (Impatiens balsamina) | 10,000 | 90 | 46.2 | Gamage et al. 2021 |
| Biodegradation fungal (Purpureocillium lilacinum) | 25* | 40 | 14.4 | Benguenab and Chibani 2020 |
| Biodegradation fungal (Aspergillus ustus) | 25* | 40 | 16.0 | Benguenab and Chibani 2020 |
*The amount corresponds to ml/kg