Exogenous irisin treatment attenuates the elevated levels of apoptosis and neuronal degeneration induced by KA. A Latency to find platform (Control group, n = 10; Saline+KA group, n = 16; Irisin+KA group, n = 8). B Percentage of time in target quadrant. C Percentage of time in opposite quadrant. D Platform crossing times. E Trajectories in Morris water maze. F, G Immunoreactivity of caspase-3 and activated caspase-3 on days 3 and 170 after KA treatment (n = 5/group). H–K Normalized intensity of caspase-3 and activated caspase-3 relative to GAPDH. L–R FJB-positive signals in CA2 and EC (n = 5/group; scale bar, 50 μm) on day 3. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs control group; #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs Saline+KA group (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 post-hoc test). KA, kainic acid; C, cortex; EC, entorhinal cortex; CA2, cornu ammonis 2; H/Hip, hippocampus; FJB, Fluoro-Jade B.