Genipin administration reverses the protective effect of irisin administration on seizures and the learning and memory defect. A Cumulative seizure duration of stage 1–5 seizures from day 30 to day 170 after KA injection (Saline+KA group, n = 12; Irisin+KA group, n = 8; Genipin+Irisin+KA group, n = 10). B Cumulative time in stage 1–3 seizures. C Cumulative number of stage 1–3 seizures. D–F Representative electroencephalogram (EEGs) and corresponding analysis of frequency spectrum and power spectrum on day 170. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs Saline+KA group (one-way ANOVA). ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs each other (one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's T3 post-hoc test). G Latency to find the platform (Saline+Irisin+KA group, n = 8; Genipin+Irisin+KA group, n = 10). H Percentage of time in target quadrant. I Percentage of time in opposite quadrant. J Number of platform crossings. K Trajectories in Morris water maze. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs Saline+Irisin+KA group (one-way ANOVA). KA, kainic acid.