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. 2022 Nov 17;13:7040. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33944-z

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a Overview of cohort and experimental setup, including the number of samples per disease stage, sex, sample preparation batch, and whether the sample was fresh or stored frozen prior to 10x sequencing. CD138+ bone marrow cell fractions were isolated and are analyzed in this study. b, c UMAP representation of plasma cells colored by disease stage (b) and sample ID (c). Cells similar in expression profile are placed nearby in this embedding. d Results of Leiden clustering of all cells. Seven clusters were merged to define a single cluster of healthy plasma cells. e Sample composition of Leiden clusters, by disease stage and sample ID (colors match the legends given in (b) and (c), respectively). The majority of clusters each consist of cells from a single sample. f Violin plots showing distribution of expression of genes commonly upregulated in patients with translocations (y-axis), along with annotations of the cytogenetic alterations detected in samples by clinical iFISH assay (top).