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. 2022 Nov 4;13:919636. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919636

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Copyright © 2022 Gu, Pan, Wang and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Anticancer cycle of immunocytes. BC, TC, and NK are the fundamental immunocytes in tumor immunity. The antigen released from tumor cells will be acquired by DCs. Also, DCs can present the antigen to Th0. Once activated, Th0 proliferates and differentiates into Th2 or Th1, harmonizing the activation of PC and CTL. Then, the antibodies or CTL will traffic to the TME and recognize target tumor cells and produce an effect. NK can recognize and kill cancer cells in non-special ways. BC, B lymphocytes; TC, T lymphocyte; NK, natural killer cells; ab, antibody; CTL, cytotoxic lymphocyte; PC, plasma cell; TME, tumor microenvironment; DC, dendritic cell; Th0, non-differentiated type-0 cell; Th1, type 1 T helper cell; Th2, type 2 T helper cell.