TABLE 1.
Regulation of propofol to immunocytes.
| Immunocyte | Cell resource | Effect | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DC | Murine bone marrow | Suppresses the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes and leukotriene B4 | Inhibiting 5-LO enzyme activity directly | Inada et al. (2013) |
| Murine bone marrow | Suppresses prostaglandin E2 production | Inhibiting COX enzyme activity | Inada et al. (2011) | |
| Macrophage | Mouse bone marrow | Inhibits LPS + ATP–induced pyroptosis | Suppressing activation of caspase-1 and TLR-4 | Ji et al. (2020) |
| RAW 264.7 and THP-1 | Not attenuate IgG opsonized phagocytosis | — | Zha et al. (2019) | |
| RAW 264.7, RAW-ASC, and J774 | Induces macrophage pyroptosis in overdose | Activating NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 pathway | Sun et al. (2019) | |
| Peripheral blood and THP-1 | Suppresses IL-6 and IL-1β expression in M1 macrophage | Activating GABA(A) receptor and Nrf2-mediated signaling | Kochiyama et al. (2019) | |
| Peripheral blood and THP-1 | Reverses pressure-stimulated phagocytosis | Activating GABAA receptors and inhibiting p130cas phosphorylation | Shiratsuchi et al. (2009) | |
| Raw 264.7 | Suppresses chemotaxis, phagocytosis, oxidative ability, and IFN-gamma production | Inhibiting mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP synthesis | Chen et al. (2003) | |
| Microglia | BV2 | Alleviates the intermittent hypoxia-induced secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 | Inhibiting NF-κB and p38 MAPK signaling | Liu et al. (2017) |
| Mouse brain and BV2 | Inhibits the LSP induction of IL-1β from glial cells | Suppressing ERK 1/2 phosphorylation | Tanaka et al. (2013) | |
| HMG030 | Reverses pressure-induced phagocytosis, TNF-α and nitrate production, and IL-1β secretion | — | Yu et al. (2011) | |
| Monocyte | THP-1 | Represses TNF-α–induced TM suppression | Mediating NADPH oxidase and TTP inactivation and activating HuR | Lin et al. (2011) |
| Human peripheral blood | Suppresses PGE2 production and IL-10 secretion | Inhibiting COX-2 activity | Kambara et al. (2009) | |
| THP-1 | Decreases PGE2 and TXB2 production | Inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity | Inada et al. (2009a) | |
| Human blood | Not affect chemotaxis | — | Krumholz et al. (1999) | |
| Human blood | Induces TNF and IL-1α secretion | — | Rossano et al. (1992) | |
| NK cell | Human peripheral blood | Increases cytotoxicity of NK cells | — | Zhou et al. (2018) |
| Mice spleen | Upregulates IFN-γ production | Suppressing macrophage PGE2 production | Inada et al. (2010) | |
| Mice spleen | Upregulates natural killer cell activity | Promoting differentiation of DCs | Inada et al. (2009b) | |
| Neutrophil | Human peripheral blood | Inhibits superoxide generation and elastase release | Blocking formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) | Yang et al. (2013) |
| Human whole blood | Decreases both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide concentrations | — | Mühling et al. (2002) | |
| Human venous blood | Inhibits chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species | Decreasing intracellular calcium ion | Mikawa et al. (1998) | |
| Lymphocyte | Human blood | Induces the secretion of interferon-γ | — | Rossano et al. (1992) |
| T lymphocyte | Human blood | Not cause any depression of T lymphocytes | — | Devlin et al. (1994) |
| T helper cell | Human peripheral venous blood | Shifts the balance between T helper cell subpopulations toward Th1-like responses | — | Salo et al. (1997) |
| CTL | Mice spleen | Increases the activity of CTL | — | Kushida et al. (2007) |