Figure 1.

Central clock dysfunction induces circadian desynchronization in the GI tract. Feeding-fasting behavior of Bmal1^SCNfl/- mice (blue) and their controls Bmal1^SCN+/− (black) in LD and the 2 days into DD. Relative expression of core and accessory clock genes in the jejunum (B), cecum (C), proximal colon (D) of Bmal1^SCNfl/- mice (blue) and their controls Bmal1^SCN+/− (black). Significant rhythms according to cosine-wave regression analysis (p-value ≤ 0.05) are visualized with a solid line, while data connected by dashed line indicate arrhythmicity. Significant phase shifts (p ≤ 0.05) are indicated with the number of hours of phase shift. n = 3–4 mice/time point/genotype. For food intake we used 12 mice per group/time/light condition. 2 Way-ANOVA used to assess the difference between group and day-nigh, P value ∗≤0.05, ∗∗≤0.01, ∗∗∗≤0.001, ∗∗∗∗≤0.0001 Data are represented as mean ± SEM.