Table 3.

Control variables used for statistical analysis.

Variables	Description
DDDs	National total antibiotic consumption measured in defined daily doses per day per 100 population by year
CPI	National Corruption Perceptions Index by year
Population density	Provincial population per square kilometer by year
GDP	Provincial GDP (in current Chinese currency value) per capita, log-scale transformed, by year
Health facility	Provincial health facility density per 10,000 population by year
Physician	Provincial physician density per 10,000 population by year
Hospital bed	Provincial hospital bed density per 10,000 population by year
Humidity	Annual average humidity of major cities in each province (%)
Rainfall	Annual average rainfall of major cities in each province (mm)