Table 1.

Reports of pancreatic cancer invading the duodenum with bleeding.

No.	Author	Year	Age	Sex	Shock	Site	Treatment	Curability	Prognosis	Periods
1	Lee	1994	83	F	NL	3rd	Operation/UM	NL	Death	NL
2			58	F	NL	3rd	NL	Non-surgical	NL	NL
3			72	F	NL	2nd	NL	Non-surgical	NL	NL
4			80	F	NL	3rd	Operation/UM	None	Death	NL
5			67	M	NL	2nd	Operation/UM	None	Death	NL
6	Horiguchi	1994	63	M	Yes	2nd	TAE	None	Death	21 days
7			59	M	Yes	1st	EH → Operation/UM	NL	NL	NL
8	Sugiyama	1996	78	F	NL	2nd	EH → Operation/UM	NL	NL	NL
9	Suzawa	1996	71	M	Yes	1st	EH	Non-surgical	Death	NL
10	Kawano	2004	67	M	NL	NL	TAE → PD	Yes	Death	3 months
11	Lin	2005	77	M	Yes	1st	EH	Non-surgical	Death	10 months
12	Sakamoto	2005	73	F	NL	NL	EH → PD	NL	Death	3 weeks
13	Tomita	2006	67	M	Yes	1st	PD	Yes	Alive	2 years
14	Kaneko	2006	75	M	No	2nd	EH → TAE → PPPD	Yes	Death	24 days
15	Shimada	2007	27	F	Yes	1st	PD*	Yes	Alive	26 months
16	Hirai	2008	62	M	Yes	3rd	TAE → PD	Yes	Death	113 days
17	Sunose	2011	65	M	Yes	2nd	EH → PD	Yes	NL	NL
18	Kamei	2012	55	M	Yes	3rd	PD	Yes	Death	8 months
19	Okumura	2013	66	M	No	2nd	EH → PD	Yes	Death	9 months
20	Yamada	2013	71	M	Yes	1st	EH → IABO	Non-surgical	Death	9 months
21	Takada	2014	43	F	No	2nd	EH	Non-surgical	Death	7.5 months
22	Kagiya	2017	75	F	Yes	2nd	EH → PD	Yes	Death	128 days
23	Present case	2022	77	F	Yes	2nd	PD	None	Death	368 days

NL: not listed U/K: unknown operation method.

TAE: transcatheter arterial embolization, PD: pancreaticoduodenectomy, PD*: PD with HA reconstruction.

PPPD: pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy, IABO: intra-aortic balloon occlusion, EH: endoscopic hemostasis.