Table 3.

Top 10 errors by degree, closeness, betweenness, and PageRank in the error subgraph.^a

Rank	Degree	Closeness	Betweenness	PageRank
1	Inadequate informed consent	Inadequate informed consent	Delay in treatmentb	Inadequate informed consent
2	Unclear, ambiguous, illegible, or incomplete medical records	Unclear, ambiguous, illegible, or incomplete medical records	Lack of informed consent	Supervision or patient safety management
3	Supervision or patient safety management	Delay in treatmentb	Failure to recognize complicationsb	Unclear, ambiguous, illegible, or incomplete medical records
4	Delay in treatmentb	Failure to perform preoperative evaluationb	Failure to perform preoperative evaluationb	Failure to communicate with or instruct the patient or family
5	Failure to recognize complicationsb	Supervision or patient safety management	Unclear, ambiguous, illegible, or incomplete medical records	Lack of informed consent
6	Lack of informed consent	Failure to perform pretreatment evaluationb	Untimely patient roundsb	Emergency management
7	Failure to communicate with or instruct the patient or family	Failure to identify postoperative complicationsb	Failure to perform pretreatment evaluationb	Unsigned consent documentation
8	Failure to perform pretreatment evaluationb	Lack of informed consent	Delay in diagnosisb	Administrative management
9	Other surgery-related errorsb	Delay in diagnosisb	Delay in surgeryb	Other management-related errors
10	Other treatment-related errorsb	Delay in surgeryb	Other medicine-related errorsb	Risk management

^aAll errors are described in Multimedia Appendix 1.

^bAttributed to technical errors.