TABLE 2.
MRI-PDFF cohort (n=130)—descriptive statistics and univariate analyses with the liver fat fraction (liver PDFF) outcome
| Variable name | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Summary stats | Parameter estimates (coefficients) | Relationship with liver PDFF* P value |
|
| Age (y) | 15 (13,17) | −0.21 | 0.564 |
| Sex: male, n (%) | 94 (72.3) | 22.51 | 0.008 |
| Ethnicity: non-Hispanic, n (%) | 103 (79.2) | 19.47 | 0.003 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 12 (9.2) | 28.28 | 0.015 |
| Medication usage | |||
| Insulin | 5 (3.8) | 30.40 | 0.050 |
| Metformin | 30 (23.1) | 24.23 | 0.062 |
| Vitamin E | 5 (3.8) | 22.49 | 0.750 |
| Statin | 4 (3.1) | 15.05 | 0.277 |
| Physical examination data | |||
| Obesity group, n (%) | 0.592 | ||
| Overweight | 4 (3.1) | −3.79 | |
| Obese Class I | 22 (16.9) | −3.17 | |
| Severe obesity Class II | 31 (23.8) | −1.94 | |
| Severe obesity Class III | 73 (56.2) | 22.06 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 37.4 (32.6, 41.2) | 0.06 | 0.705 |
| BMI z score | 2.56 (2.26, 2.73) | 2.13 | 0.423 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 126 (118, 134) | 0.01 | 0.897 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 69 (63, 76) | 0.17 | 0.126 |
| Laboratory data | |||
| ALT (U/L)† | 75 (56, 105) | 7.34 | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L)† | 35 (28, 52) | 5.56 | 0.001 |
| AST_ALT ratio† | 0.48 (0.4, 0.59) | −6.68 | 0.028 |
| GGT (U/L)† | 42.5 (28, 64) | 1.54 | 0.279 |
| ALP (U/L)† | 145 (101, 237) | 1.52 | 0.438 |
| Platelet (109/L) | 294 (268, 334) | 0.04 | 0.054 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL)† | 90 (86, 96) | 10.43 | 0.124 |
| Fasting insulin level (mU/L) | 24.1 (15.7, 32.4) | 0.06 | 0.347 |
| HbA1C (%)† | 5.3 (5.1, 5.6) | 24.97 | 0.005 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL)† | 144 (98, 200) | −0.24 | 0.898 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 87 (65, 112) | −0.01 | 0.834 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 38 (33, 45) | −0.10 | 0.371 |
| MRI data | |||
| Liver volume (mL) | 2333 (1943, 2745) | – | |
| Liver PDFF (%) | 21.1 (11, 29.9) | – | |
ALP = alkaline phosphatase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA = analysis of variance; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; BMI = body mass index; GGT = gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; PDFF = proton density fat fraction.
*
One-way ANOVA was used for categorical variable and linear regression was used for continuous variables.
†
Variables were log-transformed for the tests.