Table 1.
Overview of the Analytical Sample
| A. Diabetes Mellitus sample | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | HBH | NM | p-value | |
| n | (n=7628) | (n=5346) | (n=2282) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 36.07 (12.85) | 33 (12.11) | 43.25 (11.60) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 5393 (70.7) | 3460 (64.7) | 1933 (84.7) | <0.001 |
| Race & ethnicity (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1964 (25.7) | 1232 (23.0) | 732 (32.1) | |
| Hispanic | 1196 (15.7) | 979 (18.3) | 217 (9.5) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 3574 (46.9) | 2516 (47.1) | 1058 (46.4) | |
| Other* | 894 (11.7) | 619 (11.6) | 275 (12.1) | |
| Insurance category (%) | ||||
| Government | 1378 (18.1) | 839 (15.7) | 539 (23.6) | |
| Private | 2669 (35.0) | 1715 (32.1) | 954 (41.8) | |
| Other/uninsured | 3581 (46.9) | 2792 (52.2) | 789 (34.6) | |
| HTN at baseline (%) | 230 (3.0) | 74 (1.4) | 156 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | 27.09 (6.32) | 27.44 (6.67) | 26.59 (5.75) | <0.001 |
| CD4 (cells/mL) [MD [IQR]) | 462 [283, 668] | 601 [409, 788] | 435 [257, 628] | <0.001 |
| Viral load at baseline (MD [IQR]) | 81 [20, 26427] | 41 [20, 29667] | 161.5 [36, 20249] | <0.001 |
| <100 copies/mL on first VL (%) | 3901 (51.1) | 2875 (53.8) | 1026 (45.0) | <0.001 |
| <100 copies/mL on last VL (%) | 6629 (86.9) | 4676 (87.5) | 1953 (85.6) | 0.028 |
| Incident DM (%) | 230 (3.0) | 74 (1.4) | 156 (6.8) | <0.001 |
| Time to DM (MD [IQR]) | 3.16 [1.67, 6.25] | 2.69 [1.45, 5.14] | 5.02 [2.46, 7.64] | <0.001 |
| Total number of VL (MD [IQR]) | 9 [5, 15] | 7 [5, 12] | 15 [8, 23] | <0.001 |
| Time from First to Last VL (years, MD [IQR]) | 3.24 [1.70, 6.47] | 2.70 [1.45, 5.19] | 5.37 [2.65, 7.77] | <0.001 |
| B. Hypertension sample | ||||
| Overall | HBH | NM | p-value | |
| n | (n=7450) | (n=5318) | (n=2132) | |
| Age (mean (SD)) | 35.73 (12.70) | 32.89 (12.03) | 42.80 (11.53) | <0.001 |
| Male (%) | 5240 (70.3) | 3438 (64.6) | 1802 (84.5) | <0.001 |
| Race/etdnicity (%) | <0.001 | |||
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1892 (25.4) | 1214 (22.8) | 678 (31.8) | |
| Hispanic | 1196 (16.1) | 980 (18.4) | 216 (10.1) | |
| White, non-Hispanic | 3479 (46.7) | 2503 (47.1) | 976 (45.8) | |
| Other* | 883 (11.9) | 621 (11.7) | 262 (12.3) | |
| Insurance category (%) | ||||
| Government | 1319 (17.7) | 827 (15.6) | 492 (23.1) | |
| Private | 2575 (34.6) | 1698 (31.9) | 877 (41.1) | |
| Other/uninsured | 3556 (47.7) | 2793 (52.5) | 763 (35.8) | |
| DM at baseline (%) | 496 (6.7) | 136 (2.6) | 360 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index | 26.98 (6.24) | 27.37 (6.61) | 26.37 (5.54) | <0.001 |
| CD4 (cells/mL) (MD [IQR]) | 458 [278, 666] | 596 [408, 790] | 429 [253, 619] | <0.001 |
| Viral load at baseline (median [IQR]) | 86.50 [20, 26938] | 40 [20, 29567] | 211 [42, 22804] | <0.001 |
| <100 copies/mL on first VL (%) | 3785 (50.8) | 2863 (53.8) | 922 (43.2) | <0.001 |
| <100 copies/mL on last VL (%) | 6460 (86.7) | 4649 (87.4) | 1811 (84.9) | 0.005 |
| Incident HTN (%) | 496 (6.7) | 136 (2.6) | 360 (16.9) | <0.001 |
| Time to HTN (MD [IQR]) | 3.05 [1.60, 6.01] | 2.69 [1.44, 5.15] | 4.53 [2.18, 7.42] | <0.001 |
| Total number of VL (MD [IQR]) | 9 [5, 15] | 7 [5, 12] | 14 [8, 23] | <0.001 |
| Time from First to Last VL (years, MD [IQR]) | 3.2 [1.68, 6.42] | 2.71 [1.45, 5.20] | 5.34 [2.54, 7.78] | <0.001 |
Notes:
*-
Others include Asian, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, and Unspecified. DM – Diabetes mellitus, IQR – interquartile range, HBH – Howard Brown Health, HTN – hypertension, MD – median, NM – Northwestern Medicine. VL – viral load.