Table 2.

Association of Cumulative Viral Load with Hazard for (A) Diabetes Mellitus and (B) Hypertension using Joint Model

A. Diabetes Mellitus
Variables	HR (95%CI)
Age at First Viral Load	1.053 (1.050-1.06)^*
Male gender	1.24 (1.14-1.35)^*
Race and ethnicity (ref: White)
• Black	2.00 (1.84-2.16)^*
• Hispanic	2.67 (2.36-3.03)^*
• Other^†	1.52 (1.32-1.75)^*
Has HTN at baseline	0.93 (0.81-1.07)
Insurance (ref: public)
• Private	0.81 (0.74-0.89)^*
• Uninsured/other	0.92 (0.85-0.995)^*
Body mass index at baseline	1.07 (1.06-1.08)^*
Seen at Northwestern Medicine	1.33 (1.23-1.43)^*
Year of First viral load (centered)	0.94 (0.93-0.95)^*
CD4 at baseline (square-root transform)	0.997 (0.98-1.01)
(log−)Viremia-copy-year	1.03 (0.96-1.10)
B. Hypertension
Variables	HR (95%CI)
Age at First Viral Load	1.049 (1.047-1.052)^*
Male gender	1.62 (1.49-1.76)^*
Race and etdnicity (ref: White)
• Black	1.51 (1.41-1.61)^*
• Hispanic	1.17 (1.09-1.26)^*
• Other^†	0.91 (0.82-0.999)^*
Has DM at baseline	1.17 (0.87-1.57)^*
Insurance (ref: public)
• Private	0.62 (0.58-0.66)^*
• Uninsured/other	0.78 (0.74-0.83)^*
Body mass index at baseline	1.06 (1.05-1.07)^*
Seen at Northwestern Medicine	2.41 (2.25-2.59)^*
Year of First viral load (centered)	1.01 (1.004-1.02)^*
CD4 at baseline (square-root transform)	1.01 (1.004-1.02)^*
(log−)Viremia-copy-year	1.20 (1.14-1.26)^*

Notes:

^*-

pooled confidence interval does not cross one and is interpreted as having a significant association with the outcome.

^†-

Others include Asian, Pacific Islander, Multiracial, and Unspecified. Variables in italics are the additional variables for site-specific analysis. CI – confidence interval from pooled results of multiply imputed datasets (m=20), DM – Diabetes mellitus, HR – hazards ratio, HTN – hypertension.