Table 3.
Frequency of antimalarial resistance polymorphisms in P. falciparum isolates collected from Kenya between 2008 and 2021
| Polymorphism | 2008–2013 | 2018–2021 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Pfmdr1 N86Y | 9 (25.7) | 0 (0) | 0.1674 |
| Pfmdr1 Y184F | 16 (43.2) | 3 (42.9) | > 0.999 |
| Pfcrt K76T | 11 (39.3) | 0 (0) | 0.0357** |
| Pfdhps S436F/A | 0 (0) | 3 (75) | 0.0227** |
| Pfdhps A437G | 8 (50) | 0 (0) | 0.0218** |
| Pfdhps A581G | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Pfdhps A613S | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Pfdhfr C59R | 18 (81.8) | 13 (100) | 0.2735 |
| Pfdhfr I164L | 2 (9.5) | 0 (0) | 0.5343 |
Pfmdr1 Plasmodium falciparum multi-drug resistance 1 gene, Pfcrt Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter gene, Pfdhps Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthetase, Pfdhfr Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase, NA not applicable
** P < 0.05 consistent with statistically significant differences in frequency of polymorphisms across the period by Fisher exact test