Table 3.
Pre- and Post-summer Mean (SD) Survey Responses for IP and GM Questions by Student Demographics
| Variable | IP1 | IP2 | IP3 | GM1 | GM2 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre- | Post- | p-value | Pre- | Post- | p-value | Pre- | Post- | p-value | Pre- | Post- | p-value | Pre- | Post- | p-value | |
| Female | 2.33 (1.29) | 2.64 (1.25) |
ptime= 0.81 pint= 0.17 |
2.00 (0.92) | 2.22 (1.04) |
ptime= 0.57 pint= 0.08 |
2.30 (1.02) | 2.55 (1.06) |
ptime= 0.23 pint= 0.01 |
3.88 (0.96) | 3.82 (0.68) |
ptime= 0.66 pint= 0.43 |
3.69 (0.90) | 3.81 (0.78) |
ptime= 0.03 pint= .13 |
| Male | 2.50 (1.40) | 2.29 (0.99) | 2.07 (1.21) | 1.64 (0.75) | 2.43 (1.34) | 1.79 (0.58) | 4.00 (0.96) | 4.21 (0.98) | 3.36 (1.28) | 4.00 (0.56) | |||||
| Hispanic | 3.14 (1.46) | 3.00 (1.29) |
ptime= 0.53 pint= 0.38 |
2.43 (1.13) | 1.86 (1.07) |
ptime= 0.81 pint= 0.55 |
2.86 (1.07) | 2.57 (0.79) |
ptime= 0.81 pint= 0.26 |
4.14 (0.69) | 4.14 (0.38) |
ptime= 0.96 pint= 0.69 |
3.43 (1.40) | 4.14 (0.69) |
ptime= 0.049 pint= 0.70 |
| Black | 1.83 (1.27) | 2.25 (1.29) | 1.55 (0.93) | 1.73 (0.65) | 1.58 (0.52) | 2.08 (0.90) | 3.58 (1.17) | 3.58 (1.00) | 3.36 (1.03) | 3.64 (0.81) | |||||
| White | 2.31 (1.03) | 2.08 (1.04) | 2.15 (1.07) | 2.23 (1.17) | 2.54 (1.20) | 2.23 (1.01) | 4.00 (0.91) | 3.77 (0.73) | 3.77 (0.73) | 3.85 (0.80) | |||||
| Asian | 2.53 (1.41) | 2.93 (1.03) | 2.07 (0.88) | 2.20 (1.01) | 2.53 (1.19) | 2.47 (1.19) | 4.00 (0.93) | 4.27 (0.70) | 3.80 (1.01) | 3.93 (0.59) | |||||
| College | 2.50 (1.34) | 2.55 (0.96) |
ptime= 0.25 pint= 0.71 |
2.05 (1.00) | 2.09 (0.87) |
ptime= 0.80 pint= 0.92 |
2.55 (1.22) | 2.36 (0.90) |
ptime= 0.72 pint= 0.56 |
4.09 (0.81) | 4.18 (0.73) |
ptime= 0.89 pint= 0.87 |
3.48 (1.12) | 3.90 (0.70) |
ptime= 0.59 pint= 0.16 |
| Graduate | 2.16 (1.12) | 2.32 (1.20) | 2.00 (1.09) | 1.94 (1.00) | 2.00 (1.00) | 2.05 (0.97) | 3.68 (1.06) | 3.68 (0.82) | 3.47 (0.91) | 3.84 (0.77) | |||||
| Medical | 2.67 (1.86) | 3.17 (1.72) | 2.00 (0.89) | 2.17 (1.47) | 2.67 (0.82) | 3.00 (1.27) | 4.00 (1.10) | 3.83 (0.75) | 4.33 (0.82) | 3.83 (0.75) | |||||
Significant effects (p < 0.05) are bolded. ptime = p-value of time effect, pin t = p-value of interaction effect between time and a predictor. IP1 = “People tend to believe I am more competent than I really am,” IP2 = “I tend to feel like a phony,” IP3 = “Sometimes I’m afraid others will discover how much knowledge I really lack.”GM1 = “Becoming a top, productive scientist is possible for everyone through effort and practice,” GM2 = “Success in science is pretty much related to how much effort a person makes”