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. 2022 Nov 17;15:436. doi: 10.1186/s13071-022-05563-6

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Species-specific human behavior-adjusted biting rates and LLIN-based protection in Kavango East over the course of a night. Insets (pie charts) depict human behavior-adjusted spatial exposure. Both temporal and spatial exposure to different vectors was based on vector behaviors. Though spatial exposure to Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) and other Anopheles was similar, temporal exposure varied by each species. Exposure to Anopheles gambiae s.s. was primarily outdoors. The proportion of bites occurring indoors for an unprotected individual awhile awake, occurring while asleep for an unprotected individual, prevented by using an LLIN, occurring indoors for a protected user of an LLIN, and occurring outdoors for each site are presented in Table 2