. 2022 Nov 17;23:284. doi: 10.1186/s12875-022-01888-4

Table 1.

Sensitivity and specificity of parasitological techniques in the detection of Strongyloides stercoralis using Baermann technique as the standard

Technique	Sensitivity (95%CI)	Specificity (95%CI)	PPV (95%CI)	NPV (95%CI)	Accuracy (95%CI)	(K)
Direct exam	62.9% (48.7– 75.7)	99.6% (97.8 – 99.9)	97.2% (82.9 – 99.6)	92.5% (89.6 – 94.5)	93.1% (89.5 – 95.6)	0.73*
Dancescu	75.9% (62.4 – 86.5)	98.8% (96.5 – 99.7)	93.3% (81.7 – 97.7)	94.2% (92.1 – 96.8)	94.7% (91.5 – 96.9)	0.81*
Modified Ritchie	66.7% (52.5 – 78.9)	99.7% (98.5 – 99.9)	100% (NA – NA)	93.2% (90.4 – 95.2)	94% (90.7 – 96.4)	0.77*

Technique

Sensitivity (95%CI)

Specificity (95%CI)

PPV (95%CI)

NPV (95%CI)

Accuracy (95%CI)

(K)

Direct exam

62.9%

(48.7– 75.7)

99.6%

(97.8 – 99.9)

97.2%

(82.9 – 99.6)

92.5%

(89.6 – 94.5)

93.1%

(89.5 – 95.6)

0.73*

Dancescu

75.9%

(62.4 – 86.5)

98.8%

(96.5 – 99.7)

93.3%

(81.7 – 97.7)

94.2%

(92.1 – 96.8)

94.7%

(91.5 – 96.9)

0.81*

Modified Ritchie

66.7%

(52.5 – 78.9)

99.7%

(98.5 – 99.9)

100%

(NA – NA)

93.2%

(90.4 – 95.2)

94%

(90.7 – 96.4)

0.77*

Not: (K) inter-rater reliability or Cohen’s kappa coefficient; * = p < 0.05. PPV Positive Predictive Value, NPV Negative Predictive Value