Table 4.
The rates of antibiotics consumption by ward types, patient demographics, the purpose of use, and types of antibiotics used among hospitalized adult patients at JMC (n = 360)
| Variables | Sum of DOT (%) | Sum of BD | DOT/100BD |
|---|---|---|---|
| Wards JMC | |||
| Medical | 3266 (61.1) | 2702 | 120.9 |
| Surgical | 1359 (24.5) | 1293 | 105.1 |
| GYN/OBS | 912 (16.4) | 993 | 91.8 |
| Sex of the patients | |||
| Male | 3024 (54.6) | 2437 | 124.1 |
| Female | 2513 (45.4) | 2551 | 98.5 |
| WHO standard age group | |||
| 18–47 years old (young group) | 4021 (72.6) | 3454 | 116.4 |
| 48–63 years old (middle age group) | 1021 (18.4) | 1022 | 99.9 |
| ≥ 64 years old (elderly group) | 495 (9.0) | 512 | 96.7 |
| Antibiotics use purposes | |||
| Prophylaxis | 319 (5.8) | 703 | 45.4 |
| Treatment | 3814 (68.9) | 3243 | 117.6 |
| Both prophylaxis and treatment | 1404 (25.3) | 1042 | 134.7 |
| Rates of antibiotics utilization in JMC during the study duration | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall days of therapy and bed-days (denominators) | 5537 (100.0) | 4988 | 111DOT/100BD |
| Penicillins | |||
| Ampicillin, amoxicillin, and cloxacillin | 766 (13.8) | The common denominator (4988) | 15.36 |
| Cephalosporins | |||
| Cephalexin, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime | 5982 (108) | 119.93 | |
| Macrolides | |||
| Azithromycin and clarithromycin | 508 (9.2) | 10.18 | |
| Fluoroquinolones | |||
| Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin | 632 (11.4) | 12.67 | |
| Augmentin | |||
| Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid | 130 (2.3) | 2.61 | |
| Cotrimoxazole | |||
| Trimethoprim–sulfonamide | 646 (11.7) | 12.95 | |
| Tetracyclines | |||
| Doxycycline | 284 (5.1) | 5.69 | |
| Aminoglycosides | |||
| Gentamicin | 84 (1.5) | 1.68 | |
| Nitro-imidazole | |||
| Metronidazole | 2699 (48.7) | 54.11 | |
| Carbapenems | |||
| Meropenem | 111 (2.0) | 2.23 | |
| Glycopeptides | |||
| Vancomycin | 1970 (35.6) | 49.49 | |
| Others | |||
| Other antibiotics* | 174 (3.1) | 3.48 | |
| Mean ± standard deviation (Range) | 15.4 ± 14.4 (1–90) | 13.9 ± 9.0 (1–67) | |
*Benzathine penicillin and erythromycin