Table 2.

Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of relationship between mental disorder and new-onset AF

	No. of individuals	AF	IR*	Model 1	p-value	Model 2	p-value	Model 3	p-value
Mental disorder
No	1,683,761	45,002	3.89	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001
Yes	828,929	34,523	6.27	1.61 (1.60–1.64)		1.24 (1.22–1.25)		1.19 (1.17–1.21)
Depression
No	2,198,917	65,846	4.39	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001
Yes	313,773	13,679	6.66	1.53 (1.50–1.56)		1.20 (1.18–1.23)		1.15 (1.12–1.17)
Insomnia
No	2,181,089	64,575	4.33	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001
Yes	331,601	14,950	6.92	1.61 (1.58–1.64)		1.20 (1.18–1.22)		1.15 (1.13–1.18)
Anxiety
No	1,947,904	55,263	4.15	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001
Yes	564,786	24,262	6.46	1.56 (1.54–1.59)		1.23 (1.21–1.25)		1.19 (1.17–1.21)
Bipolar disorder
No	2,505,203	79,287	4.65	1 (Ref.)	0.33	1 (Ref.)	0.08	1 (Ref.)	0.16
Yes	7,487	238	4.91	1.07 (0.94–1.21)		1.12 (0.99–1.27)		1.10 (0.96–1.24)
Schizophrenia
No	2,502,169	79,284	4.66	1 (Ref.)	< 0.001	1 (Ref.)	0.10	1 (Ref.)	0.11
Yes	10,521	241	3.60	0.78 (0.69–0.89)		1.11 (0.98–1.26)		1.11 (0.98–1.26)

Incidence and risk of new-onset AF according to the presence of mental disorder in patients with diabetes. Model 1: Cox proportional hazards model without adjustment. Model 2: Model 1 with adjustment for age and sex; Model 3: Model 2 with adjustment for BMI, low-income level, smoking status, alcohol consumption status, regular physical activity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, thyroid disease, fasting glucose, DM duration, insulin use, and oral hypoglycemic agents

AF atrial fibrillation, IR Incidence rate, CI confidence interval, HR hazard ratio

^*Incidence rates were calculated per 1,000 person-years