TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics for participants included in the analyses, for the full sample and stratified by follow‐up diagnosis
| All participants | Remain normal | Progress to MCI/dementia^ | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 278 | 184 | 94 |
| Age, M (SD) [range] | 57.5 (10.29) [20.4–92.5] | 55.2 (10.06) [20.4–92.5] | 61.9 (9.30) [38.7–84.8]* |
| Female sex, n (%) | 165 (59%) | 114 (62%) | 51 (54%) |
| Years of education, M (SD) | 17.0 (2.37) | 17.2 (2.33) | 16.8 (2.43) |
| APOE ε4 carriers, n (%) | 96 (35%) | 61 (33%) | 35 (37%) |
| White race, n (%) | 271 (98%) | 181 (98%) | 90 (96%) |
| Number of CSF measures over time, M (SD) [range] | 3.7 (1.9) [1‐9] | 3.8 (2.0) [1‐8] | 3.5 (1.79) [1‐9] |
| Years between baseline and last CSF measure, M (SD) [range] | 10.7 (7.3) [0‐23] | 11.4 (7.5) [0‐23] | 9.2 (6.8) [0‐22]* |
| Years between baseline CSF measure and last (i.e., most recent) diagnosis, M (SD) [range] | 13.9 (5.7) [0–23.6] | 15.4 (5.3) [0–23.6] | 10.8 (5.0) [1–22.8]** |
| Years between baseline CSF measure and MCI clinical symptom onset, M (SD) [range] | — | — | 7.6 (4.5) [0.8–22.4] |
| CSF Aβ42/Aβ40, M (SD) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.02)** |
| CSF p‐tau181 (pg/ml), M (SD) | 34.60 (17.45) | 31.30 (13.69) | 41.07 (21.77)** |
| CSF t‐tau (pg/ml), M (SD) | 259.61 (138.51) | 236.05 (111.53) | 305.73 (171.52)** |
| Participants with ≥2 CSF measures over time, n (%) | 239 (86%) | 158 (86%) | 81 (86%) |
| Number of CSF measures over time for participants with ≥2 CSF measures, M (SD) | 4.1 (1.7) | 4.2 (1.8) | 4.0 (1.6) |
| Years between baseline and last CSF measure for participants with ≥2 CSF measures, M (SD) | 12.4 (6.4) | 13.3 (6.3) | 10.7 (6.2)* |
* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.001 for significant differences between remain normal versus progress to MCI/dementia.
^ Of the 94 participants who progressed from normal cognition to MCI/dementia, n = 86 and n = 8 had a diagnosis of MCI and dementia, respectively, at their last (i.e., most recent) visit.
Abbreviations: Aβ, amyloid beta; APOE, apolipoprotein E; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; p‐tau, phosphorylated tau; SD, standard deviation; t‐tau, total tau.