Comparison 2. Subgroup analyses for yoga versus non‐exercise.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
2.1 Subgroup analysis by socioeconomic status (SES) for back‐specific functional status at 6 months	11		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1.1 Participants not recruited from low SES population	9	972	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.37 [‐0.56, ‐0.18]
2.1.2 Participants recruited from low SES population	2	185	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.35 [‐0.66, ‐0.05]
2.2 Subgroup analysis by SES for pain at 6 months	9		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.2.1 Participants not recruited from low SES population	7	756	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.69 [‐8.53, ‐0.86]
2.2.2 Participants recruited from low SES population	2	184	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐7.97 [‐13.21, ‐2.73]