| 3.1 Back‐specific functional status sensitivity analyses (higher‐quality studies) |
4 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.1.1 Back‐specific function at short term (6 weeks) limited to higher‐quality studies |
2 |
200 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.43 [‐0.75, ‐0.10] |
| 3.1.2 Back‐specific function at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) limited to higher‐quality studies |
4 |
589 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.37 [‐0.72, ‐0.03] |
| 3.1.3 Back‐specific function at intermediate term (6 months) limited to higher‐quality studies |
4 |
582 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐0.60, ‐0.01] |
| 3.1.4 Back‐specific function at long term (12 months) limited to higher‐quality studies |
1 |
275 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.23 [‐0.47, 0.01] |
| 3.2 Back‐specific functional status sensitivity analyses (complete case) |
13 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.2.1 Back‐specific function at short term (4–6 weeks) using complete‐case data |
6 |
367 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.36 [‐0.57, ‐0.14] |
| 3.2.2 Back‐specific function at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) using complete‐case data |
10 |
1094 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.38 [‐0.60, ‐0.17] |
| 3.2.3 Back‐specific function at intermediate term (6 months) using complete‐case data |
10 |
1055 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.40 [‐0.58, ‐0.22] |
| 3.2.4 Back‐specific function at long term (12 months) using complete‐case data |
3 |
507 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐0.48, ‐0.12] |
| 3.3 Back‐specific functional status sensitivity analyses (change values) |
6 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.3.1 Back‐specific function at short term (4–6 weeks) using change values |
2 |
133 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.19 [‐0.53, 0.15] |
| 3.3.2 Back‐specific function at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) using change values |
6 |
746 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐0.45, ‐0.16] |
| 3.3.3 Back‐specific function at intermediate term (6 months) using change values |
3 |
499 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.40 [‐0.60, ‐0.19] |
| 3.3.4 Back‐specific function at long term (12 months) using change values |
2 |
390 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.34 [‐0.55, ‐0.14] |
| 3.4 Pain sensitivity analyses (higher‐quality studies) |
2 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.4.1 Pain at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) limited to higher‐quality studies |
2 |
377 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐4.49 [‐7.11, ‐1.87] |
| 3.4.2 Pain at intermediate term (6 months) limited to higher‐quality studies |
2 |
366 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.40 [‐5.35, 0.54] |
| 3.4.3 Pain at long term (12 months) limited to higher‐quality studies |
1 |
265 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.41 [‐4.58, 1.76] |
| 3.5 Pain sensitivity analyses (complete case) |
10 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.5.1 Pain at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) using complete‐case data |
8 |
853 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐4.71 [‐6.85, ‐2.56] |
| 3.5.2 Pain at intermediate term (6 months) using complete‐case data |
8 |
847 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐6.75 [‐11.05, ‐2.44] |
| 3.5.3 Pain at long term (12 months) using complete‐case data |
3 |
496 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐8.65 [‐18.11, 0.81] |
| 3.6 Pain sensitivity analyses (change values) |
6 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.6.1 Pain at short term (4–6 weeks) using change scores |
2 |
133 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐7.67 [‐11.40, ‐3.93] |
| 3.6.2 Pain at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) using change scores |
6 |
717 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐4.58 [‐7.51, ‐1.66] |
| 3.6.3 Pain at intermediate term (6 months) using change scores |
3 |
472 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐6.36 [‐12.40, ‐0.33] |
| 3.6.4 Pain at long term (12 months) using change scores |
2 |
363 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐5.30 [‐15.49, 4.89] |
| 3.7 Pain sensitivity analyses (standardized mean difference) |
12 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.7.1 Pain at short term (4–6 weeks) |
5 |
258 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.80 [‐1.30, ‐0.29] |
| 3.7.2 Pain at short–intermediate term (3–4 months) |
9 |
946 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.40, ‐0.14] |
| 3.7.3 Pain at intermediate term (6 months) |
9 |
940 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐0.44, ‐0.11] |
| 3.7.4 Pain at long term (12 months) |
3 |
521 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.33 [‐0.61, ‐0.05] |
