Study	Reason for exclusion
Anon 2006	Not an original study report.
Anon 2009	Not an original study report.
Anon 2017	Not an original study report.
Biggs 2012	Participants appeared to have a mix of subacute and chronic low back pain, numbers unclear; study author did not respond to request for clarification after several e‐mail attempts to contact author and institution. Wrong study population.
Bindal 2007	Participants had back pain but type and duration was unclear; study author did not respond to request for clarification. Wrong study population.
Borg‐Olivier 2005	Not an original study report.
CTRI/2012/11/003094	Wrong study population.
CTRI/2017/02/007783	Wrong intervention.
CTRI/2018/01/011098	Wrong intervention.
De Giorgio 2018	Wrong comparator (both study groups assigned to yoga).
Ford 2017	Not an original study report.
Graves 2004	Not an original study report.
Groessl 2012	Not a randomized controlled trial.
Groessl 2021	Wrong comparison.
Haldavnekar 2014	Wrong comparison.
Hartfiel 2012	Wrong study population.
Holden 2016	Wrong patient population (pregnant women).
Horng 2006	Not an original study report.
Jacob 2017	Wrong study design (not randomized).
Kim 2014	Several attempts to contact multiple authors to clarify study population were unsuccessful. Unable to establish eligible study population.
Kumar 2011	Contacted multiple times but was unable to clarify study population.
Lee 2014	Not a randomized controlled trial.
Manik 2017	Wrong study population.
Michalsen 2012	Participants had back pain but type and duration was unclear; study author did not respond to request for clarification. Wrong study population.
Monro 2015	Wrong study population.
Namdar 2021	Wrong patient population (pregnant women, not chronic low back pain)
NCT02806323	Wrong study design (no comparison group).
NCT03324659	Wrong intervention.
NCT03504085	Wrong comparator (both study groups assigned to yoga).
NCT03840304	Wrong population.
NCT04074109	Wrong comparator.
NCT04089618	Wrong intervention.
NCT04113460	Wrong patient population.
NCT04281238	Wrong patient population.
NCT04296344	Wrong study design.
NCT04773743	Wrong study design.
Patil 2015	Not a randomized controlled trial.
Pushpika Attanayake 2010	Participants had back pain but type and duration was unclear; study author did not respond to requests for clarification. Wrong study population.
Sakuma 2012	Participants had back pain but type and duration was unclear; multiple attempts to contact study authors for clarification were unsuccessful. Wrong study population.
Saper 2013	Wrong comparison.
Schmid 2019	Wrong patient population.
Selfridge 2012	Not an original study report.
Sharma 2019	Wrong patient population.
Telles 2009	Wrong study population.
Telles 2016	Wrong study population.
Uebelacker 2019	Wrong patient population.
Whitehead 2018	Not an original study report.