Fig. 2.

VIL1 directly and negatively regulates the expression of ABI3 and ABI4 in Arabidopsis. (a) Relative expression of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 in Col-0, vil1, and gVIL1 seedlings germinated with or without ABA. Stratified Col-0, vil1, and gVIL1 seeds were germinated with (ABA) or without (Control) 0.5 μM ABA for 3 days. Transcript levels were normalized to the level of PP2A. Error bars: ± s. d. (n = 3). One-way ANOVA Tukey’s multiple comparison test was conducted; letters indicate P < 0.05 of distinct groups. (b) Schematic diagram showing the genome regions of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5. Exons are represented by black boxes, while black lines between exons represent introns. Black arrows with vertical lines indicate transcription start sites and direction of arrows indicate the orientation of transcription. DNA fragments amplified in ChIP assays are labeled beneath the genomic regions. (c and d) Analysis of the VIL1 binding to ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5 genomic regions with or without 0.5 μM ABA for 3 days. Enriched values were normalized to the level of input DNA, and the relative fold enrichment over Col-0 is presented. Error bars: ± s. d. (n = 3). (c,d) **P < 0.01. Significant difference using Student’s t-test.