Table 1.

Sample characteristics of the cohort (total sample and by sex; Santiago, Chile). Values represent mean (standard deviation, s.d.), unless indicated otherwise.

	Total Sample N=679	Female n = 322	Male n = 357
Age at 16-year evaluation	16.8 (0.3)	16.9 (0.3)	16.8 (0.3)
10y BMI z-score	0.52 (1.02)	0.68 (0.95)	0.83 (0.95)
16y BMI z-score*	0.76 (0.95)	0.61 (0.94)	0.45 (1.08)
Ghrelin	238 (146)	251 (154)	227 (137)
Leptin***	12.17 (13.74)	19.07 (14.58)	5.93 (9.24)
Adiponectin	11.29 (5.36)	10.28 (4.95)	12.39 (5.57)
L:A ***	1.35 (1.91)	2.01 (2.32)	0.74 (1.17)
HOMA-IR	1.79 (1.32)	1.80 (1.23)	1.78 (1.40)
Elevated BP, %, n**	7%, 50	4%, 12	11%, 38
Low HDL, %, n**	69%, 471	75%, 242	64%, 229
Elevated TG, %, n	8%, 53	8%, 24	8%, 29
Elevated glucose, %, n*	9%, 61	7%, 21	11%, 40
Abdominal obesity, %, n***	30%, 205	51%, 158	13%, 47
No. of metabolic risk factors	1.2 (0.9)	1.4 (0.9)	1.1 (1.0)
Maternal BMI	29 (5)	29 (5)	29 (5)

^*Values statistically different by sex at P<0.05

^**P<0.01

^***P <0.001.

Note. Appetite hormones and energy regulators were examined by sex and using the 95th percentile cut-off for obesity; IDF criteria used to calculate cutoff values for each metabolic risk factor.

No.: abbreviation for number.