Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Study Population Relative to BMI
| Characteristic | All | BMI <18.5 kg/m2 | BMI 18.5–<20.0 kg/m2 | BMI 20.0–<22.5 kg/m2 | BMI 22.5–<25.0 kg/m2 | BMI 25.0–<27.5 kg/m2 | BMI 27.5–<30.0 kg/m2 | BMI 30.0–<35.0 kg/m2 | BMI 35.0‐<40.0 kg/m2 | BMI 40.0–50.0 kg/m2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Men, n (%) | 1 704 467 (100) | 138 645 (8.1) | 307 135 (18.0) | 687 070 (40.3) | 362 485 (21.3) | 126 193 (7.4) | 44 592 (2.6) | 30 800 (1.8) | 6244 (0.4) | 1302 (0.1) |
| Age, mean (SD), y | 18.3 (0.8) | 18.3 (0.7) | 18.3 (0.7) | 18.3 (0.7) | 18.4 (0.9) | 18.4 (1.0) | 18.4 (0.9) | 18.4 (0.8) | 18.4 (0.8) | 18.4 (0.9) |
| Height, mean (SD), cm | 179 (6.6) | 179 (7.0) | 179 (6.6) | 179 (6.5) | 179 (6.6) | 179 (6.6) | 179 (6.8) | 179 (6.8) | 180 (6.8) | 179 (7.0) |
| Weight, mean (SD), kg | 70.4 (11.1) | 57.0 (5.3) | 62.2 (4.8) | 68.3 (5.4) | 75.6 (6.0) | 83.5 (6.6) | 91.8 (7.4) | 102.6 (9.1) | 118.8 (10.0) | 135.9 (11.9) |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 21.9 (3.1) | 17.7 (1.0) | 19.3 (0.4) | 21.2 (0.7) | 23.6 (0.7) | 26.1 (0.7) | 28.6 (0.7) | 31.9 (1.4) | 36.8 (1.4) | 42.4 (2.1) |
| Systolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 128.5 (11.1) | 125.4 (11.2) | 126.6 (10.9) | 128.2 (10.9) | 129.9 (10.9) | 131.3 (10.9) | 132.5 (11.3) | 133.9 (11.1) | 136.2 (11.7) | 137.9 (13.7) |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 67.6 (9.9) | 67.4 (9.8) | 67.3 (9.7) | 67.4 (9.8) | 67.7 (9.9) | 68.5 (10.1) | 69.3 (10.4) | 70.5 (10.6) | 72.6 (11.0) | 74.3 (12.2) |
| W max, mean (SD) | 251.7 (96.5) | 196.6 (94.8) | 225.3 (95.3) | 254.8 (94.8) | 276.6 (91.8) | 278.8 (88.9) | 275.8 (84.9) | 272.8 (82.9) | 267.7 (83.8) | 256.5 (83.9) |
| W max/kg, mean (SD) | 3.2 (1.8) | 3.0 (1.9) | 3.6 (1.5) | 3.7 (1.4) | 3.7 (1.2) | 3.4 (1.1) | 3.0 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.82) | 2.3 (0.7) | 1.9 (0.6) |
| Cardiorespiratory fitness, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Low (1–4) | 258 951 (15.8) | 42 847 (32.5) | 53 355 (17.9) | 69 133 (10.4) | 36 212 (10.4) | 23 620 (19.6) | 14 797 (35.0) | 15 040 (53.9) | 3332 (72.4) | 615 (82.8) |
| Moderate (5–6) | 799 867 (48.7) | 73 921 (56.1) | 170 421 (57.2) | 320 911 (48.2) | 150 854 (43.1) | 55 917 (46.3) | 18 186 (43.0) | 8757 (31.4) | 823 (17.9) | 77 (10.4) |
| High (7–9) | 583 072 (35.5) | 15 094 (11.5) | 74 262 (24.9) | 276 043 (41.4) | 162 622 (46.5) | 41 167 (34.1) | 9291 (22.0) | 4094 (14.7) | 448 (9.7) | 51 (6.9) |
| Muscle strength, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Low (1–3) | 235 891 (14.1) | 58 779 (43.6) | 67 097 (22.2) | 73 146 (10.8) | 23 255 (6.5) | 7992 (6.5) | 3003 (6.9) | 2086 (7.1) | 419 (8.1) | 114 (12.4) |
| Moderate (4–6) | 946 216 (56.5) | 72 116 (53.5) | 203 875 (67.4) | 416 908 (61.6) | 170 486 (47.8) | 52 006 (42.0) | 17 485 (40.1) | 11 129 (37.8) | 1879 (36.2) | 332 (36.1) |
| High (7–9) | 491 679 (29.4) | 3867 (2.9) | 31 753 (10.5) | 186 638 (27.6) | 162 753 (45.7) | 63 898 (51.57) | 23 166 (53.1) | 16 232 (55.1) | 2897 (55.8) | 475 (51.6) |
| IQ, n (%) | ||||||||||
| Low (1–3) | 340 882 (20.4) | 30 658 (22.6) | 60 595 (20.0) | 124 952 (18.5) | 70 930 (19.9) | 29 928 (24.2) | 12 359 (28.3) | 9107 (30.7) | 1931 (34.6) | 422 (39.0) |
| Moderate (4–6) | 915 535 (54.7) | 70 704 (52.1) | 161 485 (53.4) | 370 363 (54.8) | 199 738 (56.1) | 69 491 (56.2) | 24 004 (55.0) | 16 258 (54.8) | 2946 (52.8) | 546 (50.5) |
| High (7–9) | 417 656 (25.0) | 34 319 (25.3) | 80 445 (26.6) | 180 851 (26.8) | 85 372 (24.0) | 24 279 (19.6) | 7250 (16.6) | 4318 (14.6) | 708 (12.7) | 114 (10.5) |
| Parental education, n (%) | ||||||||||
| ≤9 y | 226 062 (16.2) | 20 849 (19.1) | 43 040 (17.4) | 89 673 (15.9) | 45 515 (15.2) | 16 277 (15.6) | 5902 (15.9) | 3903 (15.2) | 731 (13.9) | 172 (15.4) |
| 10–12 y | 865 245 (62.1) | 66 138 (60.7) | 149 334 (60.5) | 343 571 (61.0) | 189 310 (63.0) | 68 948 (65.9) | 25 177 (68.0) | 18 081 (70.4) | 3883 (73.5) | 803 (71.9) |
| >12 y | 301 594 (21.7) | 21 946 (20.2) | 54 409 (22.1) | 129 807 (23.1) | 65 610 (21.8) | 19 377 (18.5) | 5955 (16.1) | 3683 (14.4) | 665 (12.6) | 142 (12.7) |
| Diagnosis at baseline, n (%) | ||||||||||
| ACH | 2469 (0.2) | 235 (0.2) | 423 (0.1) | 937 (0.1) | 543 (0.2) | 187 (0.2) | 75 (0.2) | 58 (0.2) | 10 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) |
| Diabetes | 1331 (0.1) | 89 (0.1) | 189 (0.1) | 532 (0.1) | 341 (0.1) | 116 (0.1) | 29 (0.1) | 24 (0.1) | 11 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Hypertension | 2825 (0.2) | 115 (0.1) | 268 (0.1) | 860 (0.1) | 654 (0.2) | 376 (0.3) | 229 (0.5) | 223 (0.7) | 77 (1.3) | 23 (1.8) |
ACH indicates adult congenital heart disease; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; IQ, intelligence quotient; and W max, maximum work capacity.