Table 2.
PET MBF, Coronary Flow Reserve, and Hemodynamics in COVID‐19 and Matched Controls
| PET imaging characteristics | COVID‐19, n=34 | Controls, n=103 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rest myocardial blood flow, mL/min per gram | 0.79 (0.17) | 0.73 (0.16) | 0.06 |
| Corrected rest myocardial blood flow, mL/min per gram | 0.82 (0.2) | 0.83 (0.2) | 0.65 |
| Rest coronary vascular resistance, mm Hg/mL per g per minute | 120 (35.7) | 126.7 (33.2) | 0.35 |
| Stress myocardial blood flow, mL/min per gram | 1.56 (0.44) | 1.79 (0.39) | <0.001 |
| Stress coronary vascular resistance, mm Hg/mL per gram per minute | 58.2 (23.7) | 50.2 (12.4) | 0.008 |
| Abnormal stress MBF, MBF <1.8, n (%) | 25 (73.5) | 58 (56.3) | 0.1 |
| MBFR | 2.0 (0.45) | 2.48 (0.47) | <0.001 |
| Corrected MBFR (MBFRco)# | 1.95 (0.5) | 2.24 (0.66) | 0.01 |
| MBFR in patients with normal scans, SSS <3 | 2.02 (0.43), n=15 | 2.54 (0.43), n=63 | <0.001 |
| Coronary vasomotor dysfunction, MBFR <2, n (%) | 15 (44.1) | 12 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Coronary vasomotor dysfunction corrected, corrected MBFR <2, n (%) | 20 (59) | 47 (45) | 0.16 |
| Abnormal perfusion, SSS >3, n (%) | 18 (53) | 40 (39) | 0.2 |
| SSS, median (IQR) | 4 (0–9) | 0 (0–6) | 0.1 |
| Coronary artery calcium, n (%) | 0.92 | ||
| None | 5 (14.7) | 14 (13.6) | |
| Mild–moderate | 8 (23.5) | 31 (30.1) | |
| Severe | 21 (61.8) | 58 (56.3) | |
| Hemodynamics | |||
| Resting heart rate, bpm | 73 (10.4) | 68 (12) | 0.02 |
| Peak heart rate, bpm | 90 (15.6) | 90 (16) | 0.95 |
| Resting systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 134 (23) | 136 (24) | 0.79 |
| Peak systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 129 (20) | 132 (29) | 0.7 |
All values represent mean and standard deviation unless otherwise noted. P values represent linear mixed model for continuous variables and conditional logistic regression for dichotomous variables. P<0.05 is considered statistically significant. IQR indicates interquartile range; MBF, myocardial blood flow; MBFR, myocardial blood flow reserve; PET, positron emission tomography; and SSS, summed stress score.
#
MBFRcorrected=MBFRuncorrected×RPP/10 000. RPP=Resting HR×resting SBP.