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. 2022 Oct 10;11(20):e025858. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.122.025858

Figure 4. Regulation of VLDL and LDL apoB particle number.

Figure 4

This figure illustrates the metabolic relations among the various VLDL and LDL particles. The liver secretes VLDL1 and VLDL2 particles. VLDL1 particles are the most TG rich and can be converted to VLDL2 particles by hydrolysis of core TG in peripheral tissues. Similarly, VLDL2 particles can be converted to VLDL3 particles, which can be converted to IDL particles or removed by the liver. IDL particles can be converted to LDL1 particles, which, following core lipid exchanges as illustrated in Figure 3, can be converted successively to LDL1, LDL2, and LDL3 particles. VLDL1 are the most TG‐rich particles secreted by the liver; VLDL2 contain an intermediate mass of TG and are also secreted by the liver. VLDL1 and VLDL2 particles can be sequentially converted to VLDL3 particles, which can be converted to IDL particles, which can be converted successively to LDL1, LDL2, and LDL3 particles. apoB indicates apolipoprotein B; CE, cholesteryl ester; IDL, intermediate density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; and VLDL, very low‐density lipoprotein.