Figure 2. Association between Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansion and cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without defibrillator (CRT±D) rates by race and ethnicity of Medicaid beneficiaries.

Dots represent model estimates of CRT±D rates by race pre‐ and post‐ACA Medicaid expansion in adopter (blue, n=1061) and nonadopter (red, n=745) states. Vertical lines represent 95% CIs.