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. 2022 Nov 14;15:1645–1664. doi: 10.2147/JAA.S382441

Table 4.

Physician Treatment Decision Factors and Attitudes Towards INCSs, Overall and by Country

All (N=1637) Brazil (n=212) Mexico (n=201) SA (n=200) UAE (n=200) Japan (n=218) Korea (n=206) Spain (n=200) UK (n=200)
Symptoms influencing choice of INCS prescription medications,a n (%)
 Watery or runny nose 1036 (9.9) 136 (64.2) 116 (57.7) 127 (63.5) 133 (66.5) 133 (61.0) 116 (56.3) 137 (68.5) 138 (69.0)
 Repeated sneezingb 962 (9.2) 152 (71.7) 91 (45.3) 145 (72.5) 118 (59.0) 115 (52.8) 122 (59.2) 92 (46.0) 127 (63.5)
 Frequent itchy nose or nasal itchingb 991 (9.5) 151 (71.2) 116 (57.7) 122 (61.0) 116 (58.0) 99 (45.4) 133 (64.6) 116 (58.0) 138 (69.0)
 Nasal congestion and/or obstruction 1324 (12.6) 162 (76.4) 180 (89.6) 142 (71.0) 163 (81.5) 155 (71.1) 171 (83.0) 187 (93.5) 164 (82.0)
 Frequent watery eyes or itchy eyesb 678 (6.5) 122 (57.5) 81 (40.3) 78 (39.0) 98 (49.0) 60 (27.5) 92 (44.7) 63 (31.5) 84 (42.0)
 Red eyesb 433 (4.1) 87 (41.0) 39 (19.4) 79 (39.5) 67 (33.5) 34 (15.6) 50 (24.3) 34 (17.0) 46 (23.0)
 Throat itchingb 490 (4.7) 96 (45.3) 59 (29.4) 67 (33.5) 68 (34.0) 43 (19.7) 49 (23.8) 40 (20.0) 68 (34.0)
 Headacheb 427 (4.1) 72 (34.0) 64 (31.8) 86 (43.0) 60 (30.0) 30 (13.8) 27 (13.1) 52 (26.0) 36 (18.0)
 Reduced sense of smellb 745 (7.1) 100 (47.2) 118 (58.7) 80 (40.0) 111 (55.5) 64 (29.4) 60 (29.1) 114 (57.0) 98 (49.0)
 Post-nasal dripb 744 (7.1) 121 (57.1) 94 (46.8) 62 (31.0) 113 (56.5) 47 (21.6) 75 (36.4) 102 (51.0) 130 (65.0)
 Interference with sleepc 947 (9.0) 126 (59.4) 128 (63.7) 102 (51.0) 133 (66.5) 111 (50.9) 112 (54.4) 111 (55.5) 124 (62.0)
 Impairment of daily activitiesb 907 (8.7) 122 (57.5) 126 (62.7) 92 (46.0) 126 (63.0) 104 (47.7) 103 (50.0) 120 (60.0) 114 (57.0)
 Impairment of work or schoolb 783 (7.5) 106 (50.0) 101 (50.2) 72 (36.0) 117 (58.5) 92 (42.2) 88 (42.7) 100 (50.0) 107 (53.5)
 Otherc 12 (0.1) 0 1 (0.5) 0 0 3 (1.4) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 6 (3.0)
Preferred treatment for mild AR, n (%)
 Only OAHs 1006 (61.5) 96 (45.3) 148 (73.6) 122 (61.0) 120 (60.0) 149 (68.3) 137 (66.5) 112 (56.0) 122 (61.0)
 Only intranasal antihistamines 157 (9.6) 30 (14.2) 8 (4.0) 19 (9.5) 14 (7.0) 23 (10.6) 12 (5.8) 29 (14.5) 22 (11.0)
 Only INCSs 261 (15.9) 48 (22.6) 24 (11.9) 15 (7.5) 40 (20.0) 23 (10.6) 28 (13.6) 43 (21.5) 40 (20.0)
 Only anti-leukotrienes 71 (4.3) 8 (3.8) 8 (4.0) 4 (2.0) 4 (2.0) 18 (8.3) 24 (11.7) 3 (1.5) 2 (1.0)
 INCSs and OAHs 95 (5.8) 10 (4.7) 12 (6.0) 37 (18.5) 16 (8.0) 2 (0.9) 3 (1.5) 5 (2.5) 10 (5.0)
 INCSs and intranasal antihistamines 31 (1.9) 15 (7.1) 0 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (0.9) 1 (0.5) 6 (3.0) 3 (1.5)
 Other 16 (1.0) 5 (2.4) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 4 (2.0) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5)
Preferred treatment for moderate AR, n (%)
 Only OAHs 111 (6.8) 5 (2.4) 4 (2.0) 18 (9.0) 13 (6.5) 39 (17.9) 20 (9.7) 10 (5.0) 2 (1.0)
 Only intranasal antihistamines 63 (3.9) 6 (2.8) 7 (3.5) 11 (5.5) 12 (6.0) 7 (3.2) 6 (2.9) 4 (2.0) 10 (5.0)
 Only INCSs 230 (14.1) 31 (14.6) 34 (16.9) 18 (9.0) 27 (13.5) 26 (11.9) 25 (12.1) 26 (13.0) 43 (21.5)
 Only anti-leukotrienes 54 (3.3) 8 (3.8) 12 (6.0) 2 (1.0) 5 (2.5) 11 (5.0) 9 (4.4) 5 (2.5) 2 (1.0)
 INCSs and OAHs 983 (60.2) 119 (56.1) 125 (62.2) 134 (67.0) 128 (64.0) 108 (49.5) 122 (59.2) 133 (66.5) 114 (57.0)
 INCSs and intranasal antihistamines 171 (10.5) 39 (18.4) 16 (8.0) 16 (8.0) 8 (4.0) 22 (10.1) 20 (9.7) 22 (11.0) 28 (14.0)
 Other 22 (1.3) 4 (1.9) 3 (1.5) 1 (0.5) 7 (3.5) 5 (2.3) 4 (1.9) 0 1 (0.5)
Preferred treatment for severe AR, n (%)
 Only OAHs 15 (0.9) 1 (0.5) 0 3 (1.5) 0 7 (3.2) 3 (1.5) 1 (0.5) 0
 Only intranasal antihistamines 6 (0.4) 3 (1.4) 0 2 (1.0) 0 1 (0.5) 0 0 0
 Only INCSs 36 (2.2) 4 (1.9) 5 (2.5) 7 (3.5) 13 (6.5) 1 (0.5) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0)
 Only anti-leukotrienes 37 (2.3) 8 (3.8) 4 (2.0) 5 (2.5) 9 (4.5) 3 (1.4) 3 (1.5) 5 (2.5) 0
 INCSs and OAHs 933 (57.0) 108 (50.9) 111 (55.2) 115 (57.5) 123 (61.5) 118 (54.1) 122 (59.2) 139 (69.5) 97 (48.5)
 INCSs and intranasal antihistamines 504 (30.8) 63 (29.7) 70 (34.8) 65 (32.5) 36 (18.0) 76 (34.9) 66 (32.0) 46 (23.0) 82 (41.0)
 Other 106 (6.5) 25 (11.8) 11 (5.5) 3 (1.5) 19 (9.5) 12 (5.5) 10 (4.9) 7 (3.5) 19 (9.5)
Preferred treatment for seasonal allergies, n (%)
 Only OAHs 683 (41.7) 83 (39.2) 107 (53.2) 68 (34.0) 85 (42.5) 91 (41.7) 86 (41.7) 87 (43.5) 76 (38.0)
 Only intranasal antihistamines 120 (7.3) 42 (19.8) 18 (9.0) 8 (4.0) 4 (2.0) 10 (4.6) 8 (3.9) 12 (6.0) 18 (9.0)
 Only INCSs 188 (11.5) 35 (16.5) 19 (9.5) 25 (12.5) 35 (17.5) 17 (7.8) 24 (11.7) 14 (7.0) 19 (9.5)
 Only anti-leukotrienes 66 (4.0) 5 (2.4) 11 (5.5) 4 (2.0) 6 (3.0) 14 (6.4) 18 (8.7) 4 (2.0) 4 (2.0)
 INCSs and OAHs 481 (29.4) 29 (13.7) 41 (20.4) 84 (42.0) 66 (33.0) 70 (32.1) 62 (30.1) 73 (36.5) 56 (28.0)
 INCSs and intranasal antihistamines 87 (5.3) 17 (8.0) 4 (2.0) 11 (5.5) 1 (0.5) 15 (6.9) 6 (2.9) 8 (4.0) 25 (12.5)
 Other 12 (0.7) 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 0 3 (1.5) 1 (0.5) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0)
Preferred treatment for perennial allergies, n (%)
 Only OAHs 253 (15.5) 8 (3.8) 14 (7.0) 11 (5.5) 17 (8.5) 79 (36.2) 67 (32.5) 31 (15.5) 26 (13.0)
 Only intranasal antihistamines 93 (5.7) 18 (8.5) 12 (6.0) 11 (5.5) 8 (4.0) 11 (5.0) 6 (2.9) 11 (5.5) 16 (8.0)
 Only INCSs 245 (15.0) 43 (20.3) 35 (17.4) 19 (9.5) 32 (16.0) 17 (7.8) 29 (14.1) 35 (17.5) 35 (17.5)
 Only anti-leukotrienes 125 (7.6) 14 (6.6) 27 (13.4) 12 (6.0) 16 (8.0) 15 (6.9) 19 (9.2) 16 (8.0) 6 (3.0)
 INCSs and OAHs 737 (45.0) 96 (45.3) 89 (44.3) 125 (62.5) 113 (56.5) 76 (34.9) 73 (35.4) 83 (41.5) 82 (41.0)
 INCSs and intranasal antihistamines 164 (10.0) 30 (14.2) 22 (10.9) 21 (10.5) 8 (4.0) 18 (8.3) 10 (4.9) 23 (11.5) 32 (16.0)
 Other 20 (1.2) 3 (1.4) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5) 6 (3.0) 2 (0.9) 2 (1.0) 1 (0.5) 3 (1.5)
Preferred treatment for both seasonal and perennial allergies, n (%)
 Only OAHs 108 (6.6) 3 (1.4) 4 (2.0) 3 (1.5) 7 (3.5) 37 (17.0) 24 (11.7) 16 (8.0) 14 (7.0)
 Only intranasal antihistamines 15 (0.9) 3 (1.4) 0 1 (0.5) 1 (0.5) 3 (1.4) 3 (1.5) 1 (0.5) 3 (1.5)
 Only INCSs 77 (4.7) 11 (5.2) 15 (7.5) 10 (5.0) 11 (5.5) 6 (2.8) 8 (3.9) 11 (5.5) 5 (2.5)
 Only anti-leukotrienes 59 (3.6) 6 (2.8) 12 (6.0) 5 (2.5) 9 (4.5) 10 (4.6) 11 (5.3) 5 (2.5) 1 (0.5)
 INCSs and OAHs 978 (60.1) 122 (57.5) 121 (60.2) 117 (58.5) 133 (66.5) 113 (51.8) 119 (57.8) 136 (68.0) 117 (58.5)
 INCSs and intranasal antihistamines 360 (22.1) 59 (27.8) 44 (21.9) 61 (30.5) 28 (14.0) 46 (21.1) 38 (18.4) 29 (14.5) 55 (27.5)
 Other 30 (1.8) 8 (3.8) 5 (2.5) 3 (1.5) 11 (5.5) 3 (1.4) 3 (1.5) 2 (1.0) 5 (2.5)
INCS does not need to be used every day to be effective year-round, n (%)
 Strongly agree 349 (21.3) 36 (17.0) 44 (21.9) 84 (42.0) 48 (24.0) 24 (11.0) 49 (23.8) 47 (23.5) 17 (8.5)
 Somewhat agree 677 (41.4) 87 (41.0) 82 (40.8) 57 (28.5) 61 (30.5) 114 (52.3) 105 (51.0) 87 (43.5) 84 (42.0)
 Somewhat disagree 384 (23.5) 56 (26.4) 39 (19.4) 22 (11.0) 41 (20.5) 68 (31.2) 46 (22.3) 46 (23.0) 66 (33.0)
 Strongly disagree 227 (13.9) 33 (15.6) 36 (17.9) 37 (18.5) 50 (25.0) 12 (5.5) 6 (2.9) 20 (10.0) 33 (16.5)
INCSs have a good safety profile, n (%)
 Strongly agree 753 (46.0) 128 (60.4) 117 (58.2) 121 (60.5) 93 (46.5) 39 (17.9) 65 (31.6) 104 (52.0) 86 (43.0)
 Somewhat agree 754 (46.1) 72 (34.0) 76 (37.8) 56 (28.0) 84 (42.0) 144 (66.1) 126 (61.2) 91 (45.5) 105 (52.5)
 Somewhat disagree 113 (6.9) 10 (4.7) 6 (3.0) 17 (8.5) 17 (8.5) 34 (15.6) 15 (7.3) 5 (2.5) 9 (4.5)
 Strongly disagree 17 (1.0) 2 (0.9) 2 (1.0) 6 (3.0) 6 (3.0) 1 (0.5) 0 0 0
INCSs should be delayed for children until they are adults, n (%)
 Strongly agree 154 (9.4) 18 (8.5) 11 (5.5) 57 (28.5) 29 (14.5) 14 (6.4) 7 (3.4) 8 (4.0) 10 (5.0)
 Somewhat agree 408 (24.9) 58 (27.4) 43 (21.4) 49 (24.5) 32 (16.0) 79 (36.2) 42 (20.4) 63 (31.5) 42 (21.0)
 Somewhat disagree 512 (31.3) 54 (25.5) 50 (24.9) 30 (15.0) 55 (27.5) 91 (41.7) 87 (42.2) 58 (29.0) 87 (43.5)
 Strongly disagree 563 (34.4) 82 (38.7) 97 (48.3) 64 (32.0) 84 (42.0) 34 (15.6) 70 (34.0) 71 (35.5) 61 (30.5)
The route of administration influences patient adherence,b n (%)
 Strongly agree 745 (45.5) 99 (46.7) 112 (55.7) 116 (58.0) 112 (56.0) 38 (17.4) 81 (39.3) 109 (54.5) 78 (39.0)
 Somewhat agree 755 (46.1) 102 (48.1) 66 (32.8) 65 (32.5) 70 (35.0) 148 (67.9) 115 (55.8) 80 (40.0) 109 (54.5)
 Somewhat disagree 125 (7.6) 11 (5.2) 18 (9.0) 17 (8.5) 16 (8.0) 30 (13.8) 10 (4.9) 11 (5.5) 12 (6.0)
 Strongly disagree 12 (0.7) 0 5 (2.5) 2 (1.0) 2 (1.0) 2 (0.9) 0 0 1 (0.5)

Notes: All values shown are percentages for evaluable participant responses (not all physicians surveyed responded to every question). aN=10,389 (physicians could have multiple answers). bp<0.001 (Chi-squared test). cp<0.05 (Chi-squared test).

Abbreviations: AR, Allergic rhinitis; INCS, intranasal corticosteroid; OAH, oral antihistamines; SA, Saudi Arabia; UAE, United Arab Emirates; UK, United Kingdom.