Table I.
Effects of the ingestion of synbiotics or prebiotics on laboratory test parameters in hemodialysis patients.
| Prebiotics (n = 6) | Synbiotics (n = 5) | p-value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
| 2 weeks before ingestion | 2 weeks after ingestion | 4 weeks after ingestion | 3 weeks after the end of ingestion | 2 weeks before ingestion | 2 weeks after ingestion | 4 weeks after ingestion | 3 weeks after the end of ingestion | 4 weeks after ingestion | 3 weeks after the end of ingestion | |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 159.3 ± 40.8 | 144.5 ± 26.4 | 142.5 ± 12.8 | 91.6 ± 22.2 | 93.4 ± 22.4 | 100.2 ± 14.9 | 0.06 | |||
| Total Protein (g/dL) | 6.8 ± 0.3 | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 0.67 | |||||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.8 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 0.90 | 0.35 |
| Total Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.4 ± 0.0 | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 0.98 | |||||
| ALP(U/L) | 358.2 ± 101.8 | 349.5 ± 84.9 | 356.2 ± 85.9 | 223.6 ± 42.3 | 224.4 ± 44.7 | 226.8 ± 51.5 | 0.25 | |||
| AST (U/L) | 12.3 ± 1.3 | 12.0 ± 1.8 | 9.7 ± 1.5 | 10.8 ± 2.9 | 13.6 ± 2.7 | 13.6 ± 3.1 | 0.25 | |||
| ALT (U/L) | 15.3 ± 3.1 | 12.3 ± 2.5 | 11.0 ± 1.0 | 9.2 ± 1.3 | 10.4 ± 1.5 | 8.8 ± 1.2 | 0.20 | |||
| γ-GT (U/L) | 42.0 ± 19.5 | 49.5 ± 26.1 | 48.0 ± 28.2 | 31.8 ± 16.0 | 33.4 ± 17.6 | 30.2 ± 14.9 | 0.61 | |||
| Creatine kinase (U/L) | 71.8 ± 7.6 | 73.5 ± 8.7 | 68.2 ± 7.7 | 81.2 ± 12.5 | 89.0 ± 16.0 | 150.6 ± 64.9 | 0.28 | |||
| BUN (mg/dL) | 51.9 ± 3.2 | 57.8 ± 4.0 | 64.3 ± 6.1 | 59.7 ± 5.7 | 54.8 ± 6.4 | 58.0 ± 7.4 | 56.8 ± 5.7 | 56.9 ± 7.4 | 0.40 | 0.77 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 8.9 ± 1.0 | 9.2 ± 1.2 | 9.4 ± 1.2 | 9.3 ± 1.3 | 9.1 ± 0.5 | 9.3 ± 0.6 | 9.7 ± 0.8 | 10.4 ± 0.7 | 0.80 | 0.53 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.9 ± 0.7 | 5.7 ± 0.7 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 6.6 ± 0.5 | 0.36 | |||||
| Na (mEq/L) | 139.5 ± 1.5 | 139.8 ± 1.9 | 139.2 ± 1.7 | 139.0 ± 2.2 | 140.0 ± 2.9 | 139.6 ± 2.6 | 139.4 ± 2.5 | 138.6 ± 1.2 | 0.94 | 0.88 |
| K (mEq/L) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.3 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.7 ± 0.3 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 0.65 | 0.49 |
| Cl (mEq/L) | 103.5 ± 1.8 | 102.2 ± 2.3 | 101.8 ± 2.5 | 102.0 ± 2.3 | 105.2 ± 3.0 | 103.8 ± 3.2 | 104.4 ± 2.9 | 104.0 ± 1.6 | 0.52 | 0.51 |
| Ca (mEq/L) | 8.9 ± 0.4 | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 8.3 ± 0.4 | 8.4 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.4 | 8.6 ± 0.2 | 8.7 ± 0.3 | 8.5 ± 0.2 | 0.45 | 0.78 |
| P (mEq/L) | 4.9 ± 0.5 | 5.9 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 0.6 | 5.4 ± 0.6 | 4.9 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.1 | 5.3 ± 0.2 | 0.39 | 0.93 |
Mean ± SEM, p-value; Prebiotics vs. Synbiotics by t-test
ALP, Alkaline phosphatase; AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, Alanine aminotransferase; γ-GT, γ-glutamyl transferase; BUN, blood urea nitrogen