Table 3.

Multivariable linear regression results of the association between different HIV stigma experiences and mental health and barriers to adherence.

Variables	Depression		Self-esteem		Motivational Barriers to Adherence		Behavioral Skills Barriers to Adherence
	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI	β	95% CI
HIV stigma manifestations
Perceived	0.15	−0.04, 0.34	−0.63**	−1.01, −0.26	−0.19	−0.52, 0.14	−0.45	−0.99, 0.08
Internalized	0.19*	0.03, 0.35	−0.36*	−0.66, −0.05	−0.52*	−0.79, −0.26	−0.72*	−1.16, −0.27
Enacted	0.03	−0.13, 0.20	0.11	−0.21, 0.44	0.04	−0.25, 0.33	0.06	−0.45, 0.56
Covariates
Age	−0.03	−0.16, 0.10	−0.09	−0.36, 0.17	−0.22	−0.46, 0.01	−0.01	−0.38, 0.37
Gender (ref = female)	−0.09	−0.80, 0.63	0.82	−0.66, 2.30	0.55	−0.73, 1.82	0.58	−1.48, 2.64
Health facility (ref = Chipata Central)	0.05	−0.79, 0.89	0.47	−1.17, 2.12	−0.22	−1.67, 1.24	0.98	−1.39, 3.35
Currently in school (ref = no)	0.22	−0.84, 1.28	0.15	−1.97, 2.27	−0.33	−2.10, 1.45	0.41	−2.51, 3.35
Worked in the last 30 days (ref = no)	−0.12	−1.13, 0.89	0.16	−1.93, 2.28	−0.61	−2.41, 1.19	−1.41	−4.31, 1.49
Attitudes toward living at home	−0.09	−0.21, 0.02	0.38**	0.15, 0.61	0.19	−0.02, 0.40	0.19	−0.15, 0.52

Note. β = regression coefficient, CI = confidence intervals.

^*p < .05,

^**p < .01,

^***p < .001