Table 3.
Comparison of Pre-operative Variables between Patients with Esophagogastric Junction Outflow Obstruction and Patients with Normal Findings on Pre-operative High-resolution Esophageal Manometry
| EGJOO (n = 13) | Normal Manometry (n = 43) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-operative Factors | |||
| Gender (Male) | 3 (23.1%) | 8 (18.6%) | 0.70 |
| Age | 67.8 | 63.7 | 0.10 |
| ASA Class | 2.6 | 2.4 | 0.08 |
| Body Mass Index | 31.6 | 30.3 | 0.18 |
| Anemia | 3 (23.1%) | 3 (10.3%) | 0.13 |
| Hepatic Insufficiency | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Hypertension | 6 (46.1%) | 17 (39.5%) | 0.33 |
| Diabetes | 1 (7.7%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.55 |
| COPD | 0 (0%) | 3 (7.5%) | - |
| CAD | 0 (0%) | 2 (4.7%) | - |
| CHF | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.3%) | - |
| Anticoagulation | 1 (7.7%) | 5 (11.6%) | 1.00 |
| Antiplatelet | 2 (15.4%) | 6 (14.0%) | 1.00 |
| Immunosuppression | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | - |
| Current smoker | 0 (0%) | 1 (2.3%) | - |
| Smoker, Quit > 30 day | 1 (7.7%) | 5 (11.6%) | 1.00 |
| Any Smoker | 1 (7.7%) | 6 (14.0%) | 1.00 |
| GERD | 12 (92.3%) | 30 (69.8%) | 0.15 |
| PPI use | 12 (92.3%) | 33 (76.7%) | 0.43 |
| Foregut Surgery history | 3 (23.1%) | 6 (14.0%) | 0.42 |
| Pre-operative Symptoms | |||
| Dysphagia | 8 (61.5%) | 33 (76.7%) | 0.30 |
| Regurgitation | 5 (38.5%) | 23 (53.5%) | 0.53 |
| Chest pain | 4 (30.8%) | 5 (11.6%) | 0.19 |
| Respiratory symptoms | 3 (23.1%) | 5 (11.6%) | 0.37 |
| Weight loss | 1 (7.7%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.55 |
| Pre-operative Manometry | |||
| Mean Basal UES pressure (mm Hg) | 59.9 | 63.0 | 0.39 |
| Mean amplitude in distal esophagus (mm Hg) | 86.1 | 79.0 | 0.27 |
| DCI (mm Hg·s·cm) | 1756.1 | 1553.2 | 0.28 |
| Distal latency (s) | 6.45 | 6.13 | 0.21 |
| % ineffective swallows | 20.8% | 35.2% | 0.10 |
| Mean basal LES pressure (mm Hg) | 38.6 | 48.8 | 0.43 |
| IRP (mm Hg) | 22.3 | 3.3 | < 0.001 |
| Hiatal Hernia Type | |||
| Type I | 2 (15.4%) | 13 (30.2%) | 0.48 |
| Type II | 3 (23.1%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.08 |
| Type III | 6 (46.2%) | 26 (60.5%) | 0.52 |
| Type IV | 2 (15.4%) | 2 (4.7%) | 0.23 |
Abbreviations: EGJOO, esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disorder; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; UES, upper esophageal sphincter; DCI, delayed cerebral ischemia; LES, lower esophageal sphincter; IRP, idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis.