Table 3.

Main and interactive effects of PTSD symptom severity and mindfulness on pain outcomes

	ΔR 2	B	SE	t	p	95% CI		sr 2
Pain intensity
Step 1	.067
Age		− 0.097	0.061	− 1.590	.113	− 0.217	0.023	0.009
Years in the fire service		0.085	0.065	1.301	.194	− 0.044	0.214	0.006
Trauma load		0.583	0.147	3.969	< .001	0.294	0.873	0.056
Step 2	.105
PTSD symptoms		0.111	0.027	4.041	< .001	0.057	0.165	0.052
Mindfulness		− 1.522	0.790	− 1.926	.055	− 3.077	0.034	0.012
Step 3	.002
PTSD symptoms × Mindfulness		− 0.034	0.039	− 0.854	.394	− 0.111	0.044	0.002
Pain-related disability
Step 1	.085
Age		− 0.066	0.066	− 1.003	.317	− 0.196	0.064	0.004
Years in the fire service		− 0.012	0.071	− 0.168	.866	− 0.152	0.128	0.000
Trauma load		0.758	0.159	4.765	< .001	0.445	1.072	0.079
Step 2	.142
PTSD symptoms		0.123	0.029	4.245	< .001	0.066	0.180	0.054
Mindfulness		− 2.579	0.835	− 3.090	.002	− 4.223	− 0.935	0.028
Step 3	.046
PTSD symptoms × Mindfulness		− 0.163	0.040	− 4.037	< .001	− 0.243	− 0.084	0.046

N = 266 trauma-exposed firefighters. Bonferroni correction applied, p < .025 (α = .05/2). B, unstandardized beta weight; SE, standard error; sr², squared semi-partial correlation; Pain intensity and pain-related disability reported for the past 3 months, CPGS total subscale scores (Von Korff et al., 1992); Trauma load, total number of event types endorsed on LEC-5 (Weathers et al., 2013); PTSD symptoms, PCL-5 total score (Blevins et al., 2015); Mindfulness, FFMQ total average score (Baer et al., 2006)