TABLE 3.
Financial Impact of OOP Costs
| Financial Impact | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable, n (%) | None | Minimal | Moderate | Significant | Devastating | P |
| Age, y | ||||||
| ≤2 | 1 (2.7) | 13 (35.1) | 16 (43.2) | 5 (13.5) | 2 (5.4) | 0.13 |
| 3–5 | 3 (4.8) | 20 (31.8) | 26 (41.3) | 12 (19.1) | 2 (3.2) | |
| 6–11 | 2 (3.3) | 13 (21.3) | 24 (39.3) | 16 (26.2) | 6 (9.8) | |
| 12–17 | 2 (4.8) | 8 (19.1) | 19 (45.2) | 11 (26.2) | 2 (4.8) | |
| 18–25 | 6 (5.2) | 29 (25.0) | 47 (40.5) | 29 (25.0) | 5 (4.3) | |
| 26–35 | 4 (3.8) | 28 (26.4) | 42 (39.6) | 29 (27.4) | 3 (2.8) | |
| 36–50 | 5 (3.4) | 41 (27.9) | 62 (42.2) | 32 (21.8) | 7 (4.8) | |
| 51–64 | 17 (7.8) | 74 (33.8) | 80 (36.5) | 44 (20.1) | 4 (1.8) | |
| ≥65 | 21 (12.0) | 55 (31.4) | 71 (40.6) | 23 (13.1) | 5 (2.9) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Female | 40 (5.5) | 206 (27.8) | 302 (40.8) | 162 (21.9) | 31 (4.2) | 0.26 |
| Male | 21 (9.8) | 72 (33.5) | 81 (37.7) | 37 (17.2) | 4 (1.9) | |
| Nonbinary/other | 0 (0.0) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Prefer not to answer | 0 (0.0) | 2 (33.3) | 2 (33.3) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 40 (5.7) | 220 (31.6) | 277 (39.7) | 135 (19.4) | 25 (3.6) | 0.18 |
| Black/African American | 12 (11.8) | 13 (12.8) | 45 (44.1) | 28 (27.5) | 4 (3.9) | |
| Asian | 3 (5.4) | 15 (26.8) | 24 (42.9) | 11 (19.6) | 3 (5.4) | |
| Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0.0) | 3 (42.9) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (14.3) | |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 0 (0.0) | 2 (25.0) | 4 (50.0) | 2 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Multiracial | 3 (4.8) | 22 (34.9) | 21 (33.3) | 15 (23.8) | 2 (3.2) | |
| Other | 3 (10.7) | 5 (17.9) | 12 (42.9) | 8 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Hispanic ethnicity | ||||||
| No | 58 (6.7) | 260 (29.9) | 343 (39.5) | 176 (20.3) | 32 (3.7) | 0.24 |
| Yes | 3 (3.3) | 20 (21.7) | 41 (44.6) | 25 (27.2) | 3 (3.3) | |
| Household income, $ | ||||||
| ≤24,999 | 11 (6.3) | 33 (18.9) | 71 (40.6) | 50 (28.6) | 10 (5.7) | <0.0001 |
| 25,000–49,999 | 9 (4.7) | 40 (21.1) | 86 (45.3) | 45 (23.7) | 10 (5.3) | |
| 50,000–74,999 | 6 (3.1) | 58 (30.4) | 74 (38.7) | 45 (23.6) | 8 (4.2) | |
| 75,000–99,999 | 13 (10.7) | 41 (33.6) | 47 (38.5) | 19 (15.6) | 2 (1.6) | |
| 100,000–124,999 | 4 (3.9) | 31 (30.1) | 44 (42.7) | 21 (20.4) | 3 (2.9) | |
| 125,000–149,999 | 4 (6.6) | 21 (34.4) | 25 (41.0) | 10 (16.4) | 1 (1.6) | |
| ≥150,000 | 12 (10.9) | 53 (48.2) | 33 (30.0) | 11 (10.0) | 1 (0.9) | |
| Insurance | ||||||
| None | 0 (0.0) | 8 (19.5) | 18 (43.9) | 13 (31.7) | 2 (4.9) | <0.0001 |
| Employer-sponsored coverage | 28 (5.1) | 182 (33.2) | 208 (38.0) | 114 (20.8) | 16 (2.9) | |
| Medicaid or state assistance | 3 (3.2) | 15 (16.1) | 48 (51.6) | 20 (21.5) | 7 (7.5) | |
| Medicare | 17 (10.6) | 50 (31.3) | 56 (35.0) | 32 (20.0) | 5 (3.1) | |
| Policy purchased on state/federal health exchange | 3 (8.1) | 6 (16.2) | 21 (56.8) | 6 (16.2) | 1 (2.7) | |
| Policy purchased on the commercial market | 2 (6.9) | 8 (27.6) | 13 (44.8) | 2 (6.9) | 4 (13.8) | |
| Tricare or VA benefit | 4 (18.2) | 4 (18.2) | 10 (45.5) | 4 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Unsure | 2 (9.1) | 4 (18.2) | 6 (27.3) | 10 (45.5) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Geographical setting | ||||||
| Urban | 14 (6.1) | 65 (28.5) | 91 (39.9) | 50 (21.9) | 8 (3.5) | 0.99 |
| Suburban | 35 (6.5) | 159 (29.3) | 215 (39.6) | 115 (21.2) | 19 (3.5) | |
| Rural | 11 (5.9) | 56 (29.8) | 77 (41.0) | 36 (19.2) | 8 (4.3) | |
| Region | ||||||
| New England | 5 (7.7) | 16 (24.6) | 28 (43.1) | 14 (21.5) | 2 (3.1) | 0.38 |
| Mid-Atlantic | 6 (4.7) | 40 (31.3) | 50 (39.1) | 30 (23.4) | 2 (1.6) | |
| East North Central | 12 (8.3) | 40 (27.8) | 58 (40.3) | 30 (20.8) | 4 (2.8) | |
| West North Central | 5 (9.6) | 13 (25.0) | 24 (46.2) | 8 (15.4) | 2 (3.9) | |
| South Atlantic | 14 (7.6) | 48 (26.0) | 73 (39.5) | 48 (26.0) | 2 (1.1) | |
| East South Central | 2 (3.3) | 17 (27.9) | 29 (47.5) | 10 (16.4) | 3 (4.9) | |
| West South Central | 3 (3.3) | 24 (26.7) | 35 (38.9) | 21 (23.3) | 7 (7.8) | |
| Mountain | 4 (5.4) | 23 (31.1) | 33 (44.6) | 12 (16.2) | 2 (2.7) | |
| Pacific | 10 (6.2) | 59 (36.4) | 54 (33.3) | 28 (17.3) | 11 (6.8) | |
| Current AD severity | ||||||
| Clear | 1 (4.4) | 10 (43.5) | 8 (34.8) | 3 (13.0) | 1 (4.4) | <0.0001 |
| Mild | 24 (11.7) | 92 (44.7) | 60 (29.1) | 29 (14.1) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Moderate | 23 (5.0) | 138 (30.1) | 213 (46.5) | 75 (16.4) | 9 (2.0) | |
| Severe | 10 (3.9) | 34 (13.2) | 98 (38.0) | 91 (35.3) | 25 (9.7) | |
| Current AD control | ||||||
| Minimally controlled | 12 (5.4) | 47 (21.0) | 82 (36.6) | 63 (28.1) | 20 (8.9) | <0.0001 |
| Somewhat controlled | 15 (3.9) | 117 (30.0) | 171 (43.9) | 79 (20.3) | 8 (2.1) | |
| Moderately well controlled | 20 (7.8) | 83 (32.2) | 103 (39.9) | 46 (17.8) | 6 (2.3) | |
| Very well controlled | 11 (12.9) | 32 (37.7) | 28 (32.9) | 12 (14.1) | 2 (2.4) | |
| No. flare days in the past 30 d | ||||||
| 0 | 7 (18.9) | 16 (43.2) | 7 (18.9) | 6 (16.2) | 1 (2.7) | 0.0001 |
| 1–3 | 19 (8.2) | 86 (37.1) | 78 (33.6) | 43 (18.5) | 6 (2.6) | |
| 4–7 | 12 (6.5) | 49 (26.5) | 85 (46.0) | 34 (18.4) | 5 (2.7) | |
| 8–10 | 9 (6.7) | 41 (30.6) | 54 (40.3) | 27 (20.2) | 3 (2.3) | |
| ≥11 | 14 (3.7) | 89 (23.6) | 162 (43.0) | 91 (24.1) | 21 (5.6) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||||
| Asthma | 13 (3.9) | 83 (24.9) | 127 (38.0) | 96 (28.7) | 15 (4.5) | <0.0001 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 19 (3.9) | 132 (27.1) | 197 (40.4) | 123 (25.2) | 17 (3.5) | 0.0007 |
| Food allergy | 10 (2.7) | 89 (24.0) | 152 (41.0) | 96 (25.9) | 24 (6.5) | <0.0001 |
| Frequent/persistent skin infections | 4 (2.2) | 34 (18.3) | 74 (39.8) | 60 (32.3) | 14 (7.5) | <0.0001 |
| Anxiety and/or depression | 14 (4.0) | 85 (24.2) | 148 (42.1) | 89 (25.3) | 16 (4.6) | 0.003 |
| HCP visits in the past year | ||||||
| 0 | 11 (12.1) | 44 (48.4) | 29 (31.9) | 7 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | <0.0001 |
| 1–2 | 40 (10.1) | 134 (33.7) | 152 (38.2) | 66 (16.6) | 6 (1.5) | |
| 3–4 | 6 (2.4) | 68 (27.0) | 115 (45.6) | 52 (20.6) | 11 (4.4) | |
| ≥5 | 4 (1.8) | 34 (15.3) | 90 (40.4) | 76 (34.1) | 19 (8.5) | |
AD, atopic dermatitis; HCP, health care provider; OOP, out-of-pocket; VA, veteran's administration.