. 2022 Oct 18;35(6):1145–1156. doi: 10.1007/s10534-022-00450-0

Table 1.

Genes encoding mRNAs involved in metal homeostasis and regulated by NMD

Metal ion	mRNA regulated by NMD and the function of the encoded protein	References
Magnesium	ALR1- Plasma membrane protein required for efficient magnesium uptake, essential gene ALR2- Plasma membrane protein for efficient magnesium uptake; not essential for growth	(Guan et al. 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Johansson and Jacobson 2010)
Zinc	ZRT1—High-affinity zinc transporter of the plasma membrane	(Johansson et al. 2007; Toesca et al. 2011)
Copper	CTR2- Copper transporter of the vacuolar membrane CTR3- High-affinity copper transporter of the plasma membrane MAC1- Copper-sensing transcription factor involved in regulation of genes required for high affinity copper transport COX19- Protein requires for cytochrome c oxidase assembly COX23- Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein that functions in mitochondrial copper homeostasis, important for functional cytochrome oxidase expression COX17- Copper metallochaperone that delivers copper to cytochrome c oxidase (CcO) through two copper-binding intermembrane space-associated proteins Sco1 and Cox11 CRS5- Copper-binding metallothionein PCA1- Cadmium transporting P-type ATPase; may also have a role in copper and iron homeostasis	(Deliz-Aguirre et al. 2011; Guan et al. 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Murtha et al. 2019; Peccarelli et al. 2016)
Cadmium	PCA1- Cadmium transporting P-type ATPase; may also have a role in copper and iron homeostasis	(Guan et al. 2006; Wong et al. 2021)
Iron	FRE2- Ferric and cupric reductase reduces siderophore-bound Fe²⁺ and oxidized copper prior to uptake by transporters. Expression induced by low Fe²⁺ levels FRE3- Ferric reductase; reduces siderophore-bound Fe²⁺ prior to uptake by transporters; expression induced by low Fe²⁺ levels FRE6- Putative ferric reductase with similarity to Fre2p; expression induced by low Fe²⁺ levels. Reduces vacuolar Fe²⁺ and copper prior to export to the cytosol AFT2- AFT2 is a paralog of AFT1. AFT2 is a transcription factor that activates genes required for Fe²⁺ homeostasis and resistance to oxidative stress ARN1- A ferrichrome-type siderophore transporter ARN2- A member of the ARN family of transporters that recognizes siderophore-iron chelates ENB1 (ARN4)- Ferric enterobactin transmembrane transporter FET3- Ferrous iron transporter FIT1- Cell wall mannoprotein facilitating iron uptake FIT3- Cell wall mannoprotein facilitating iron uptake	(Guan et al. 2006; Johansson et al. 2007; Peccarelli et al. 2019; Toesca et al. 2011)