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. 2022 Nov 16;38:203–212. doi: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.10.013

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© 2022 The Authors

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 3 — TEM analysis of intracellular metallic nanoparticles in vitro. Morphology of intracellular Co, Cr and Ti nanoparticles phagocytosed by human THP-1 macrophages over 48 h in vitro (A–C with insets) and Balb/C mouse macrophages after 7 days exposure in vivo (D–H). A. Co globular nanoparticles (magnification in inset); B. Cr agglomerates/aggregates of nanoparticles in large clusters (magnification in inset); C, agglomerates/aggregates of Ti nanoparticles with crystal-like shape (magnification in inset); D and E, the combination of Co/Cr/Ti shows complex agglomerates/aggregates of nanoparticles in lysosomes. F, crystal-like and globular nanoparticles; G, agglomerates/aggregates of globular nanoparticles of variable electron density; H, large agglomerates/aggregates of nanoparticles forming a rod-like structure (arrow). Nu, cell nuclei. Ly (NPs), lysosomes containing metallic nanoparticles. Scale bars: A1, B1, C1 = 1 μm.