Table 4.
Associations of psychological distress with participants’ characteristics and level of putative mechanisms and processes at baseline and predicted marginal meansa.
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Postintervention | Follow-up | Adjusted B (95% CI) | Effect sizeb | |||||||
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Predicted marginal mean (95% CI) | SE | Predicted marginal mean (95% CI) | SE |
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| Time | N/Ac | N/A | N/A | N/A | −7.46 (−37.20 to 22.29) | −1.16 | |||||
| Age | −0.31 (−1.04 to 0.42) | −0.05 | |||||||||
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Lowd | 24.92 (22.26 to 27.57) | 1.36 | 24.99 (22.33 to 27.65) | 1.36 |
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Mean | 24.03 (22.33 to 25.73) | 0.87 | 22.62 (20.93 to 24.32) | 0.87 |
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Highe | 23.15 (20.44 to 25.86) | 1.38 | 20.26 (17.55 to 22.96) | 1.38 |
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| Gender | −0.51 (−5.26 to 4.23) | −0.08 | |||||||||
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Female | 24.16 (22.15 to 26.17) | 1.03 | 23.90 (21.89 to 25.91) | 1.03 |
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Male | 23.65 (19.61 to 27.69) | 2.06 | 18.45 (14.41 to 22.49) | 2.06 |
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| Ethnic minority status | 2.39 (−4.40 to 9.18) | 0.37 | |||||||||
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White majority | 23.83 (22.02 to 25.64) | 0.92 | 22.71 (20.91 to 24.52) | 0.92 |
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Minority | 26.22 (19.81 to 32.62) | 3.27 | 22.11 (15.70 to 28.52) | 3.27 |
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| Clinical stagef | −0.19 (−3.62 to 3.24) | −0.03 | |||||||||
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Stage 1a | 25.42 (23.12 to 27.73) | 1.18 | 23.75 (21.44 to 26.05) | 1.18 |
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Stage 1b | 21.84 (18.58 to 25.10) | 1.66 | 20.21 (16.95 to 23.46) | 1.66 |
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Stage 2 | 22.62 (16.44 to 28.79) | 3.15 | 23.37 (17.19 to 29.55) | 3.15 |
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| General psychopathology at baseline | 0.04 (−0.29 to 0.38) | 0.01 | |||||||||
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Low | 23.62 (19.88 to 27.37) | 1.91 | 18.79 (15.05 to 22.54) | 1.91 |
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Mean | 24.03 (22.33 to 25.74) | 0.87 | 22.56 (20.86 to 24.26) | 0.87 |
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High | 24.45 (20.85 to 28.04) | 1.83 | 26.33 (22.73 to 29.92) | 1.83 |
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| Level of functioning at baseline | −0.10 (−0.30 to 0.11) | -0.02 | |||||||||
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Low | 25.02 (22.34 to 27.70) | 1.37 | 22.27 (19.59 to 24.95) | 1.37 |
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Mean | 24.07 (22.37 to 25.77) | 0.87 | 22.65 (20.95 to 24.35) | 0.87 |
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High | 23.12 (20.52 to 25.72) | 1.33 | 23.03 (20.43 to 25.63) | 1.33 |
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| Overall self-rated self-compassion at baseline | 0.06 (−0.83 to 0.94) | 0.01 | |||||||||
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Low | 23.81 (19.66 to 27.95) | 2.11 | 21.28 (17.14 to 25.43) | 2.11 |
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Mean | 24.02 (22.29 to 25.76) | 0.89 | 22.53 (20.79 to 24.26) | 0.89 |
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High | 24.24 (20.74 to 27.74) | 1.79 | 23.77 (20.27 to 27.28) | 1.79 |
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| Momentary self-compassion at baseline | −2.83 (−5.66 to 0.00) | -0.37 | |||||||||
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Low | 26.60 (23.53 to 29.68) | 1.57 | 23.05 (19.97 to 26.12) | 1.57 |
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Mean | 24.17 (22.47 to 25.88) | 0.87 | 22.68 (20.98 to 24.38) | 0.87 |
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High | 21.74 (18.88 to 24.60) | 1.46 | 22.31 (19.45 to 25.17) | 1.46 |
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| Adaptive emotion regulation at baseline | −0.36 (−1.96 to 1.24) | −0.06 | |||||||||
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Low | 24.57 (21.68 to 27.45) | 1.47 | 24.01 (21.13 to 26.90) | 1.47 |
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Mean | 24.01 (22.35 to 25.74) | 0.87 | 22.66 (20.96 to 24.63) | 0.87 |
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High | 23.52 (20.64 to 26.41) | 1.47 | 21.30 (18.42 to 24.19) | 1.47 |
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| Maladaptive emotion regulation at baseline | 0.03 (−1.74 to 1.80) | 0.00 | |||||||||
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Low | 24.00 (20.92 to 27.08) | 1.57 | 20.53 (17.45 to 23.62) | 1.57 |
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Mean | 24.05 (22.35 to 25.74) | 0.87 | 22.66 (20.96 to 24.36) | 0.87 |
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High | 24.09 (21.01 to 27.17) | 1.57 | 24.78 (21.70 to 27.86) | 1.57 |
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aAdjusted for baseline levels of psychological distress.
bd-type effect size.
cN/A: not applicable.
dLow = mean − 1 SD.
eHigh = mean + 1 SD.
fStage 1a (individuals with psychological distress) is used as the reference category.