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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Nov 19.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Mater. 2013 Oct 20;12(12):1154–1162. doi: 10.1038/nmat3777

Fig. 2. Microtopography induced histone modifications and replaced VPA and TCP in reprogramming.

Fig. 2.

a, Mouse fibroblasts were cultured on microgrooved or flat surfaces in the absence or presence of VPA or TCP for 3 days, followed by Western blotting analysis of histone modifications AcH3, H3K4me2, and H3K4me3. Total histone H3, GAPDH and Actin are shown as loading controls. b, Confocal microscopy shows the fluorescence intensity of histone modifications localized in the nucleus (scale bar, 10 μm). c, ChIP-qPCR analysis shows fold enrichment of histone modifications at the promoter regions of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog (n=3). d, Reprogramming efficiency of fibroblasts transduced with OSKM in the presence of chemical compounds, VPA and TCP (n=5). * p<0.05 (two-tailed, unpaired t-test) compared with the control flat surface.